Stress-Strain Relationship of Ca(OH)_𝟐-Activated Hwangtoh Concrete

Table 3

Statistical values of NRMSEs calculated by comparing stress-strain curves of various models to experimental data.

Error coefficients*	Prediction models
	Carreira and Chu [9]	Wee et al. [11]	Lu and Zhao [10]	This study
𝛾𝑒,𝑚	0.238	0.254	0.259	0.091
𝛾𝑒,𝑠	0.075	0.072	0.050	0.039

^∗𝛾_𝑒,𝑚 and 𝛾_𝑒,𝑠 refer to the mean and standard deviation, respectively, of the NRMSE calculated for each specimen using the following equation:
NRMSE=(1/(𝑓_𝑐)_𝑚)∑[((𝑓_𝑐)_Exp−(𝑓_𝑐)_Pre.)²/𝑛]^1/2, where (𝑓_𝑐)_𝑚 is the mean of the measured stress, (𝑓_𝑐)_Exp and (𝑓_𝑐)_Pre are experimental and predicted stresses, respectively, and 𝑛 is the number of measured points.