Closed-Loop Supply Chain Models with Considering the Environmental Impact

Table 1

Emission factors for representative vehicle from manufactories to DCs.

Cargo aircraft		Semitrailer (40 tonne)		Diesel train		Cargo vessel
Load factor (%); ()	80	Load factor (%); ()	70	Load factor (%); ()	50	Load factor (%); ()	50
CEF (kg)	4139.6	FC (L/km); ()	0.3198		122.46	FEW; (kg/tonne)	3178
VEF (kg)	15.353	FE (kg/L); ()	2.621	FER (g/L)	3175	FCW (tonne/km)	0.007