Suppression Effects of Betaine-Enriched Spinach on Hyperhomocysteinemia Induced by Guanidinoacetic Acid and Choline Deficiency in Rats
Table 1
Body weight gain, food intake, and liver weight of rats fed the experimental diets (experiments 1 and 2)1.
Diet
Body weight gain g/10 d
Food intake g/10 d
Liver weight g/100 g body weight
Experiment 1
25C
42.8 ± 1.6
126 ± 5
4.49 ± 0.04a
25CG
46.2 ± 2.3
125 ± 3
4.28 ± 0.07ab
25CG + 0.05% Bet
44.5 ± 2.2
127 ± 6
4.28 ± 0.07ab
25CG + 2.76% Spi
50.4 ± 2.5
122 ± 3
4.25 ± 0.05ab
25CG + 0.10% Bet
43.2 ± 2.2
122 ± 3
4.21 ± 0.04b
25CG + 5.52% Spi
49.6 ± 1.8
125 ± 4
4.17 ± 0.04b
25CG + 0.20% Bet
48.8 ± 2.3
128 ± 3
4.27 ± 0.06ab
25CG + 11.1% Spi
50.2 ± 1.5
122 ± 1
4.33 ± 0.05ab
Experiment 2
25S
40.5 ± 1.5
136 ± 4
4.17 ± 0.05ab
25SCD
40.0 ± 1.8
140 ± 3
4.30 ± 0.05a
25SCD + 0.05% Bet
44.0 ± 3.0
142 ± 3
4.23 ± 0.04ab
25SCD + 1.91% Spi
46.9 ± 1.8
143 ± 2
4.27 ± 0.06ab
25SCD + 0.10% Bet
43.3 ± 3.5
135 ± 5
4.05 ± 0.05b
25SCD + 3.82% Spi
48.4 ± 2.0
138 ± 4
4.08 ± 0.08ab
1Each value is the mean ± SEM, . Values with different letters are significantly different at . 25C, 25% casein diet; 25CG, 25C + 0.5% guanidinoacetic acid; 25S, 25% soybean protein diet; 25SCD, choline-deprived 25S; Bet, betaine; Spi, spinach.