Combining First-Person Video and Gaze-Tracking in Medical Simulation: A Technical Feasibility Study

Table 1

Potential outcome measures for future studies that were identified during data review.

Outcome variable	Potential data to be gathered	Notes
Prioritization of information gathering	(i) Where do subjects look first upon entering a medical crisis situation?; (ii) Gaze tracking for the first 30 seconds of a medical crisis.	(i) If used in a simulation lab, the subjects will need to be equally familiar with the lab environment; (ii) What subjects look at may not be the same as what they see
Devalued information	Where did the subject not look?	(i) Not looked at must be not seen (i.e., an area that the subject did not look at cannot have been consciously noted); (ii) Strong indicator of what is not valued
Dwell time analysis	(i) Software-generated heat plots; (ii) Specific target times (e.g., total time with gaze focused on a specific area)	(i) Good indicators of where gaze is targeted over the majority of the time during the resuscitation; (ii) Comparison of key targets between groups may identify behaviour trends
Specific gaze behaviours	(i) Scanning	(i) Checking the environment, patient indicators, or team members. Suggests that there is free working memory for this task.
	(ii) Confirmation	(ii) Seeking eye contact from team members. May also be done verbally.
	(iii) Checking-in	(iii) Looking to ensure that an order has been carried out.
	(iv) Perching	(iv) Gaze tends to focus or “perch” on corners and edges of objects in participants’ field of view when they are actively thinking or recalling information.
Cognitive load and stress indicators	(i) Pupil Dilation; (ii) Frequency of microeye movements	Influenced by both cognitive load and emotional load: may be difficult to separate influence.