Research Article
The Technical Efficiency of Specialised Milk Farms: A Regional View
Table 8
Structural determinants of production efficiency in EU regions.
| Indicator | Unit | Inefficient regions (), | Efficient regions (), | | -statistic | value | Sig. |
| Labour input per hectare | hours/ha | 130.66 | 268.71 | Diff < 0 | −1.897 | 0.0320 | ** | SD* | 114.99 | 478.42 | | | | |
| Labour input per dairy cow | hours/LU** | 155.73 | 182.32 | Diff < 0 | −0.691 | 0.2460 | — | SD | 126.67 | 234.76 | | | | |
| Cereals in UAA*** | % | 18.43 | 20.16 | Diff < 0 | −0.649 | 0.2591 | — | SD | 10.37 | 15.58 | | | | |
| Other field crops in UAA | % | 2.16 | 3.15 | Diff < 0 | −1.462 | 0.0748 | * | SD | 1.81 | 4.27 | | | | |
| Forage crops in UAA | % | 76.57 | 75.23 | Diff > 0 | 0.412 | 0.3407 | — | SD | 13.70 | 18.62 | | | | |
| Set-aside land per total agricultural area | % | 0.497 | 0.262 | Diff > 0 | 1.693 | 0.0467 | ** | SD | 0.899 | 0.537 | | | | |
| Dairy cows per total LU | % | 62.27 | 62.92 | Diff < 0 | −0.484 | 0.3149 | — | SD | 6.94 | 6.88 | | | | |
| Other cattle per Total LU | % | 36.56 | 35.70 | Diff > 0 | 0.603 | 0.2741 | — | SD | 6.99 | 7.52 | | | | |
| Pigs per total LU | % | 0.81 | 1.04 | Diff < 0 | −0.756 | 0.2258 | — | SD | 1.73 | 1.48 | | | | |
| Poultry per total LU | % | 0.177 | 0.248 | Diff < 0 | −0.761 | 0.2243 | — | SD | 0.465 | 0.490 | | | | |
| Number of LU per 100 hectares | LU/100 ha | 141.28 | 233.69 | Diff < 0 | −1.660 | 0.0518 | * | SD | 73.00 | 368.23 | | | | |
| Number of dairy cows per 100 hectares | LU/100 ha | 88.773 | 149.139 | Diff < 0 | −1.773 | 0.0414 | ** | SD | 49.309 | 224.585 | | | | |
| Stocking intensity | LU/ha f.c.*** | 1.727 | 2.489 | Diff < 0 | −1.731 | 0.0449 | ** | SD | 0.793 | 2.875 | | | | |
| Milk yield per year | kg/cow | 6 363.91 | 6 546.59 | Diff < 0 | −0.514 | 0.3044 | — | SD | 1 675.36 | 1 919.47 | | | | |
| Debt ratio | % | 17.35 | 19.91 | Diff < 0 | −0.734 | 0.2326 | — | SD | 15.36 | 19.46 | | | | |
| Share of hired labour | % | 16.71 | 29.45 | Diff < 0 | −2.616 | 0.0056 | *** | SD | 15.14 | 30.07 | | | | |
| Share of rented UAA | % | 60.45 | 60.73 | Diff < 0 | −0.056 | 0.4779 | — | SD | 22.66 | 27.84 | | | | |
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Notes: SD = standard deviation; LU = livestock unit; UAA = utilized agricultural area, f.c. = forage crops.
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