VEGF Correlates with Inflammation and Fibrosis in Tuberculous Pleural Effusion

Table 2

Pleural effusion variables between loculated and nonloculated tuberculous pleural effusion.

	All patients	Loculated TBPE	Nonloculated TBPE	value^†
	( = 42)	( = 26)	( = 16)
Effusion CXR score, %, mean ± SD	53 ± 20	56 ± 21	43 ± 12	0.025
ADA, IU/L	99	108	86	0.100
	(66–185)	(82–203)	(59–149)
pH value	7.30	7.27	7.36	<0.001
	(7.22–7.35)	(7.22–7.30)	(7.33–7.41)
Glucose, mg/dL	116	98	120	0.038
	(75–138)	(75–118)	(99–142)
Protein, g/L	5.0	4.8	5.2	0.089
	(4.1–5.3)	(4.1–5.2)	(4.2–5.6)
LDH, IU/dL	307	387	210	0.002
	(229–533)	(287–723)	(154–388)
Leukocyte count, cells/L	1598	1665	1437	0.449
	(963–3880)	(1330–3880)	(720–2000)
PAI-1, ng/mL	114.6	138.5	105.5	<0.001
	(105.5–199.0)	(114.8–213.0)	(96.0–113.0)
tPA, ng/mL	17.0	15.9	24.9	<0.01
	(10.0–23.0)	(8.4–20.5)	(14.4–28.7)
PAI-1/tPA ratio	7.6	13.4	4.6	0.036
	(5.0–14.0)	(7.6–18.4)	(1.8–6.8)
IL-8, pg/mL	365	419	167	<0.001
	(220–637)	(312–1442)	(79–395)
VEGF, pg/mL	693	969	510	<0.001
	(499–1909)	(571–2054)	(161–713)

TBPE: tuberculous pleural effusion; effusion CXR score: portion of hemithorax opacified by pleural effusion on posteroanterior chest radiograph; ADA: adenosine deaminase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; tPA: tissue type plasminogen activator; IL-8: interleukin-8; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
Data are presented as median (IQR) unless specified.
^†For comparisons between loculated and nonloculated TBP groups.