|
Disease | Biomarkers | Changes |
|
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) | 8-Isoprostane H2O2 3-nitrotyrosine docosatetraenoyl-LPA | [194, 195] |
|
Cystic fibrosis (CF) | pH | , and during exacerbation [196, 201], [197] |
Nitrotyrosine | [198], 3-nitrotyrosine [199] |
Nitrites | [200, 201] |
Nitric oxide | , correlated with disease severity [201] |
8-Isoprostane | , marker of CF exacerbation [201] |
IL-6 | during exacerbation, and after treatment [203, 204] |
IL-8 | in stable CF [202], in CF exacerbation, and after treatment [203, 204] |
IL-5 TNF-α | Detected in paediatric CF population [208] |
LTE4 | during exacerbation, and after treatment [203, 204] |
|
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) | Natriuretic peptide pro-BNP ET-1 | Higher levels in IPAH versus COPD-PAH [206] |
ET-1 | in COPD-PAH, correlated with PASP [208] |
6-keto- 8-isoprostane IL-6 | Higher levels in COPD-PAH versus IPAH [207] |
|
Sarcoidosis | 8-Isoprostane Cys-LTs | in both EBC and BAL [9] |
Neopterin TGF-β1 | [210] |
|
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) | | |
Pediatric patients | 8-Isoprostane IL-6 | in patients with clinical score >40, correlated with cardiac dysfunction [211] |
LTB4 Cys-LTs | in patients with AHI >5/h [212] |
H2O2 | [213] |
Uric salts | [214] |
Adult patients | 8-Isoprostane | [215–217], correlated with AHI and neck periphery, and after CPAP therapy [215] |
IL-6 | [216, 217] |
TNF- | [216, 217] |
pH | [217] |
H2O2 | , and after after CPAP therapy [218] |
ICAM-1 IL-8 | in both healthy obese and obese OSA-patients [219] |
|
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) | IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | in both EBC and BAL [220, 221], significantly correlated with the disease activity |
|
Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) | pH Nitrites Nitrates | , and after haemodialysis [222] |
H2O2 | in patients with severe uremia, who underwent haemodialysis [223] |
|