Research Article
Vitamin D Status among Older Adults Residing in the Littoral and Andes Mountains in Ecuador
Table 1
25(OH)D levels by selected characteristics among older adults in Ecuador.
| | Subjects (%) | 25(OH)D levels (SD) | value |
| Age groups, yrs. | | | | 60–69 | 1,158 (51.7) | 27.6 (11.5) | <0.001 | 70–79 | 724 (31.4) | 25.5 (9.7) | ≥80 | 403 (16.8) | 25.9 (13.2) | Sex | | | | Men | 1,072 (44.5) | 30.0 (12.3) | <0.001 | Women | 1,302 (55.5) | 23.8 (9.4) | Race | | | | Indian | 207 (10.7) | 21.6 (8.8) | <0.001 | Black | 80 (3.6) | 27.7 (12.4) | Mestizo | 1,584 (69.8) | 26.9 (10.6) | Mulatto | 84 (3.5) | 26.4 (8.4) | White | 273 (12.5) | 26.7 (12.3) | BMI (Kg/m2) | | | | Underweight | 63 (2.3) | 26.6 (11.6) | <0.001 | Normal | 920 (41.9) | 28.0 (12.3) | Overweight | 877 (37.7) | 26.1 (10.1) | Obese | 408 (18.1) | 24.9 (10.7) | Living alone | | | | Yes | 209 (9.1) | 27.1 (13.1) | <0.001 | No | 2,165 (90.5) | 26.5 (11.0) | Area of residence | | | | Rural mountains | 505 (20.4) | 21.7 (8.0) | <0.001 | Urban mountains | 685 (29.7) | 22.8 (6.2) | Rural coast | 505 (13.1) | 32.6 (14.1) | Urban coast | 877 (36.8) | 30.0 (12.5) | Literacy | | | | Yes | 1,664 (69.4) | 27.1 (10.8) | <0.001 | No | 707 (30.6) | 25.2 (12.1) | Consume dairy products | | | | Yes | 1,586 (66.8) | 27.0 (11.9) | <0.001 | No | 788 (33.2) | 25.5 (9.7) | Smoking status | | | | Current | 243 (10.3) | 28.9 (9.8) | <0.001 | Former | 661 (27.9) | 29.6 (13.1) | Never | 1,464 (61.8) | 24.6 (10.1) | Alcohol use | | | | None | 1,891 (77.9) | 26.0 (11.0) | <0.001 | 1 day | 420 (19.4) | 27.8 (11.6) | ≥2 days | 60 (2.7) | 31.7 (12.6) | Physical activity | | | | Yes | 747 (32.9) | 27.7 (11.4) | <0.001 | No | 1,626 (67.1) | 26.0 (11.1) | Self-reported health | | | | Excellent to good | 557 (24.6) | 26.3 (11.0) | <0.001 | Fair to poor | 1,812 (75.4) | 26.6 (11.3) | Mobility disability | | | | Yes | 990 (41.4) | 25.5 (10.4) | <0.001 | No | 1,384 (58.6) | 27.2 (11.7) | Limitation in ADLs | | | | Yes | 652 (26.5) | 25.9 (11.9) | <0.001 | No | 1,719 (73.5) | 26.7 (11.0) |
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