Coapplication of Chicken Litter Biochar and Urea Only to Improve Nutrients Use Efficiency and Yield of Oryza sativa L. Cultivation on a Tropical Acid Soil
Table 10
Effects of coapplication of biochar and urea on nutrients uptake in a field study.
Treatment
T1
T2
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
mg/0.04 m2
Total N
1.90d ± 0.05
11.61cd ± 2.60
31.63a ± 7.33
27.50ab ± 1.55
17.18bc ± 2.30
7.27cd ± 0.90
3.31cd ± 0.64
Si
41.4b ± 2.28
58.4ab ± 4.52
95.8a ± 12.14
52.8ab ± 8.12
63.2ab ± 13.47
32.2ab ± 2.62
44.6b ± 12.26
mg/0.04 m2
Total P
2.73e ± 0.10
9.14de ± 1.23
38.32a ± 2.34
31.44ab ± 3.92
25.58bc ± 2.81
16.91cd ± 2.53
8.31de ± 1.71
K+
119.0d ± 11.19
306.5c ± 36.96
439.1ab ± 26.39
445.6a ± 31.15
424.9abc ± 14.26
307.6bc ± 33.12
159.2d ± 27.23
Ca2+
36.4bc ± 2.12
48.6bc ± 5.27
117.9a ± 8.39
129.9a ± 12.19
85.0ab ± 6.35
49.3bc ± 4.25
25.7c ± 6.06
Mg2+
11.9c ± 1.69
36.0c ± 4.76
99.5a ± 9.53
93.7ab ± 5.31
71.1b ± 8.00
36.4c ± 4.00
19.4c ± 4.90
Na2+
116.2ab ± 14.74
144.6ab ± 35.21
256.3ab ± 86.48
227.0a ± 34.03
41.5ab ± 7.75
98.6b ± 30.37
91.6ab ± 31.85
Fe2+
1.29c ± 0.16
4.64bc ± 0.80
9.80a ± 1.52
7.86ab ± 1.22
5.27bc ± 0.63
3.10c ± 0.58
1.39c ± 0.24
Cu2+
0.012a ± 0.004
0.018a ± 0.005
0.023a ± 0.011
0.034a ± 0.007
0.018a ± 0.007
0.008a ± 0.005
0.013a ± 0.007
Zn2+
0.29c ± 0.06
0.94ab ± 0.20
1.35a ± 0.12
1.36a ± 0.19
1.18a ± 0.05
0.87abc ± 0.10
0.42bc ± 0.10
Mn2+
0.011a ± 0.002
0.039a ± 0.005
0.071a ± 0.026
0.092a ± 0.024
0.124a ± 0.048
0.056a ± 0.017
0.047a ± 0.014
Different letters within a row indicate significant difference between means using Tukey’s test at ≤ 0.05.