Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Status toward Clinical Reasoning and Evidence-Based Medicine among the Medical Interns and Gynecology Residents of Iran University of Medical Sciences

Table 3

Association of the related factors with the KAP components.

Variable (unit)	Statistical test	KAP component (score from −2 to 2)
		CR-A	CR-K	CR-P	EBM-A	EBM-K	EBM-P
Age (years)	Pearson corr.
	Coef. (r)	−0.025	0.062	0.251	−0.120	−0.128	−0.081
	value	0.847	0.637	0.057^#	0.361	0.334	0.545
Gender (male)	Independent t^1
	value	0.031	−0.132	−0.123	−0.069	−0.506	−0.388
	Mean diff.	0.832	0.625	0.611	0.676	0.108	0.179
Educational level	ANOVA^2
	F stat.	0.757	0.450	2.139	0.588	1.287	1.612
	value	0.523	0.718	0.136	0.625	0.288	0.197
Intern	Mean diff.	NA^3	NA	0.000	NA	NA	0.000
	value			Ref.			Ref.
Resident (year 1)	Mean diff.	NA	NA	−0.053	NA	NA	−0.898
	value			0.999			0.291
Resident (year 2)	Mean diff.	NA	NA	0.282	NA	NA	−0.498
	value			0.869			0.684
Resident (year 3)	Mean diff.	NA	NA	1.125	NA	NA	0.522
	value			0.049			0.682
GP score	ANOVA
	F stat.	0.502	3.071	1.163	1.574	2.068	2.193
	value	0.735	0.024	0.338	0.194	0.098^#	0.082^#
<14	Mean diff.	NA	0.000	NA	0.000	0.000	0.000
	value		Ref.		Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
14-15	Mean diff.	NA	0.733	NA	0.571	1.375	0.333
	value		0.644		0.511	0.319	0.964
15-16	Mean diff.	NA	0.488	NA	0.603	1.490	1.342
	value		0.765		0.317	0.145	0.144
16-17	Mean diff.	NA	0.139	NA	0.482	0.850	0.333
	value		0.994		0.424	0.469	0.915
>17	Mean diff.	NA	1.084	NA	0.812	1.572	0.945
	value		0.163		0.091^#	0.076^#	0.306
Research experience	ANOVA
	F stat.	1.879	5.100	1.944	3.019	9.477	8.281
	value	0.127	0.001	0.117	0.025	<0.001	<0.001
I don’t have	Mean diff.	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
	value	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Executive contribution	Mean diff.	0.449	0.147	0.686	0.313	0.676	0.618
	value	0.090^#	0.983	0.119	0.440	0.178	0.190
Congress presentation	Mean diff.	−0.265	0.426	0.534	−0.098	1.521	0.496
	value	0.880	0.892	0.768	0.998	0.041	0.813
Journal article	Mean diff.	0.220	1.106	0.620	0.625	0.512	1.470
	value	0.593	0.001	0.116	0.007	<0.001	<0.001
A lot of papers	Mean diff.	0.258	1.560	0.653	0.282	2.750	2.063
	value	0.890	0.025	0.758	0.888	0.001	0.009
General practice (I had)	Independent t
	Mean diff.	0.134	0.084	1.034	−0.098	−0.489	0.325
	value	0.494	0.815	<0.001^4	0.689	0.241	0.390

(1) Positive mean difference indicates higher mean in males and those having experience of general practice. (2) Dunnett post hoc test was performed in which positive mean difference indicates higher mean in comparison to the reference category. (3) Not applicable due to F test value >0.2. (4) Unequal variance was assumed. Significant at 0.05. ^#Significant at 0.1.