Major challenges in the current world are to know the physiological mechanisms for plants responding to abiotic stresses such as salt, heat, drought, cold, and UV-B, which have been extensively investigated under increasing global climate change. How to efficiently use bioresources and protect and construct eco-environment for sustainable development is the greatest challenge. As known, plants can provide human beings with renewable energy, food, and materials and are the base for sustainable development in different forms around the world. The other related issues are bioresources efficient utilization and eco-environmental construction. So, these major global challenges are the precondition of our sustainable survival.

Plants have evolved different mechanisms for adapting themselves to different stresses during long-term natural evolution and domestic pressure, which at least include molecular, biochemical, physiological, cellular, organ, tissue, anatomy, individual, and ecological scales. The physiological level is very important as it is the key for farmers to fertilize and manage crops. More recent progress related to molecular biology and metabolism and bioresources and eco-environment has also taken place for the past 20 years. To summarize this topic, we organize this topical issue in the invitation of The Scientific World Journal. In this special issue, the latest advancement in plant abio-stress biology, bioresources utilization, and eco-environment protection and construction will be highlighted. We invite authors to contribute original as well as review articles. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Plant abio-stress—molecular, biochemistry, physiology, ecology, biotechnology, and others
• Bioresources utilization with focus on methods development and scientific disciplines–soils, salt plants, and their residue (e.g., biocarbon)
• Eco-environmental construction-vegetation succession, soil quality improvement and management, soil pollution and remediation by different methodologies, and sustainable agriculture

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal’s Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/submit/journals/tswj/biotechnology/abios/ according to the following timetable: