HIV infection has become a chronic condition. The increase in life expectancy, concomitant with longer duration of exposure to HAART, and characteristics of unhealthy lifestyles are likely to increase the rate of cardiovascular events. There are some developing countries that provide free HAART for the entire population of HIV-infected people, and those countries are the most vulnerable to maintaining a nondescending rate of cardiovascular mortality. Brazil is an example of a developing country that made the epidemiological transition, has high mortality rate from cardiovascular disease, and HAART is offered in the public health system. The association between HIV infection and cardiovascular disease has been investigated in a nonsystematic way, and there is lack of information with an overview of this new scenario in cardiovascular disease.

In this special issue, we intend to portray the association of HIV infection with cardiovascular disease among Brazilians, focusing on risk factors for cardiovascular disease among HIV-infected patients, HCV coinfection and cardiovascular disease, treatment with different antiretroviral drug combinations and cardiovascular disease, the impact of interventions to minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease, and impact of public health policies to control the consequences of HIV infection on the burden of CVD. We believe that the overall picture might provide a full spectrum of cardiovascular disease among patients infected by HIV and the initiatives to control or prevent its impact.

We invite authors to contribute with original research articles as well as systematic review articles including Brazilian data. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Prevalence and incidence of CVD among HIV-infected population
• Comparison of prevalence or incidence for CVD between HIV-infected and uninfected populations
• Risk factors to CVD among HIV-infected patients
• Comparison of risk factors for CVD among HIV and uninfected populations
• HIV-HCV and CVD coinfection
• Population attributable risk to risk factors for CVD on CVD among HIV- infected populations
• Population attributable risk to HIV infection and HAART on CVD
• New markers of CVD on HIV- and HIV-HCV-infected populations
• Mortality for CVD among HIV-infected patients
• Efficacy of behavioral interventions to prevent CVD in HIV-infected populations
• Cost-effectivity of CVD prevention among HIV-infected patients
• Cost-effectivity of CVD among HIV-infected population to the public health system

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/author/submit/journals/tswj/epidemiology/hivicd/ according to the following timetable: