Research Article
Economic Development Perspective and City Leadership
Table 2
Mean economic developmentβappointed versus elected city leaders.
(a) Category Scores by City Socioeconomic Indicators |
| | | % Bachelors | Median Family Income | Unemployment | | | 25th | 75th | 25th | 75th | 25th | 75th | | | β€4.96 | β₯11.05 | β€$33,919 | β₯$54,253 | 2.50% | 4.80% |
| Traditional | diff.a | β0.66 | 0.05 | β0.725 | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.09 | t-score | β1.77** | 0.1 | β1.34* | 0.33 | 0.11 | 0.23 | Quality of Life | diff. | 0.31 | β1.28 | 0.37 | β0.83 | β1.2 | β0.35 | t-score | 0.49 | β2.28** | 0.52 | β1.6* | β1.85** | β0.63 | Regional Impact | diff. | 0.25 | β0.25 | β1.25 | β1.23 | β0.04 | β0.71 | t-score | 0.34 | β0.35 | β1.51* | β1.85** | β0.06 | β1.11 | Planning | diff. | 0 | β1.6 | 2.25 | β1.29 | β0.27 | β0.81 | t-score | 0 | β1.65* | 2** | β1.29 | β0.28 | β0.85 |
| Nβ | | 33 | 39 | 28 | 38 | 40 | 42 |
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(b) Leader Attribute |
| | | Years in Office | Education Level | | | 10th | 90th | 10th | 90th | | | β€1 | β₯15 | β€Some Coll. | β₯Masters |
| Traditional | diff. | β0.36 | 0.09 | 0.84 | β0.26 | t-score | β0.79 | 0.41 | 0.96 | β0.85 | Quality of Life | diff. | 0.49 | β0.1 | β1.13 | β0.41 | t-score | 0.8 | β0.14 | β1.17 | β0.97 | Regional Impact | diff. | 0.32 | 0.54 | β0.55 | 0.14 | t-score | 0.43 | 0.66 | β0.52 | 0.29 | Planning | diff. | β1.16 | β1.46 | β0.94 | 1.95 | t-score | β1.06 | β1.08 | β0.71 | 2.04** |
| N | | 33 | 24 | 24 | 85 |
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aDifference = Public β Private.
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, **, *.
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