Economic Development Perspective and City Leadership

Table 3

Mean economic development—public versus private-sector city leaders.

(a) Category Scores by City Socioeconomic Indicators

		% Bachelors		Median Family Income		Unemployment
		25th P	75th P	25th P	75th P	25th P	75th P
		≤4.96%	≥11.05%	≤$33,919	≥$54,253	≤2.5%	≥4.8%
Traditional	diff.^a	1.26	−0.15	1.38	−0.59	−0.44	0.95
	t-score	3.13*	−0.32	2.59***	−1.24	−0.77	2.43***
Quality of Life	diff.	−0.89	0.33	−1.08	0.67	−0.44	−0.06
	t-score	−1.5***	0.57	−1.72**	1.28	−0.5	−0.12
Regional Impact	diff.	−2.29	−1.27	−2.06	−1.45	0.26	−0.63
	t-score	−3.02*	−1.59*	−2.61***	−1.74**	0.27	−0.99
Planning	diff.	1.04	0.73	0.48	0.96	−1.733	1.12
	t-score	0.95	0.74	0.41	0.89	−1.41*	1.2
N		44	52	38	51	44	58

(b) Leader Attributes

		Years in Office		Education Level
		10th P	90th P	10th P	90th P
		≤1	≥15	≤Some Coll.	≥Masters
Traditional	diff.	1.06	0.58	0.45	−0.02
	t-score	1.87**	2.4***	0.74	−0.06
Quality of Life	diff.	−0.26	0.60	−0.22	0.22
	t-score	−0.36	0.79	−0.34	0.43
Regional Impact	diff.	−0.86	−2.39	−2.74	−2.74
	t-score	−0.96	−2.88***	−2.79***	−4.19***
Planning	diff.	2.2	1.38	0.46	1.95
	t-score	1.62*	0.99	0.45	2.04**
N		39	34	34	85

^aDifference = Public – Private.
*** 𝑃<.01, **𝑃<.05, *𝑃<.10.