The Impact of Anthropogenic Heat on Formation of Urban Heat Island and Energy Consumption Balance

Table 1

Urban and suburban characteristics important to UHI formation and their effect on the energy balance of the earth’s surface [11].

Characteristic contributing to UHI formation	Effect on the energy balance
Lack of vegetation	Reduced evaporation
Widespread use of impermeable surfaces	Reduced evaporation
Increased thermal diffusivity of urban materials	Increased heat storage
Low solar reflectance of urban materials	Increased net radiation
Urban geometries that trap heat	Increased net radiation
Urban geometries that slow wind speeds	Reduced convection
Increased levels of air pollution	Increased net radiation
Increased energy use	Increased anthropogenic heat