Improved Quantization Error Compensation Method for Fixed-Width Booth Multipliers

Table 6

Comparisons of QE.

Width (bits)	Multiplier	𝜀max	𝜀mean	𝜀var	Sample ratios in QE values (%)
					|𝜀|<1	1≤|𝜀|<2	2≤|𝜀|<3
	Ideal	0.5	0	0.0833	100%	—	—
8	[9]	1.1641	0.1768	0.1459	79.9	21.1	0
	[10]	1.5000	0.1328	0.1664	77.2	22.797	0.0031
	[11]	1.1680	0.0078	0.1367	81.5	18.5	0
	[12]	1.1680	−0.1152	0.1237	87.7	12.3	0
	[13]	0.7502	0.1534	0.0961	92.74	7.26	0
	SPPC	1.4308	0.0941	0.1365	90.3	9.698	0.0016
10	[9]	1.3652	0.2028	0.1713	74.9	25.1	0
	[10]	1.5000	0.1211	0.1713	74.0	22.558	0.0121
	[11]	1.5000	−0.0039	0.1542	77.43	22.57	0
	[12]	1.5000	−0.1284	0.1379	80.28	19.72	0
	[13]	0.9998	0.1637	0.0923	90.81	9.181	0.009
	SPPC	1.5525	0.1074	0.1417	89.9	10.08	0.0084
12	[9]	1.5649	0.2203	0.1960	72.50	27.50	0
	[10]	2.0000	0.1270	0.1950	73	26.65	0.018
	[11]	1.6667	0.0020	0.1671	76.83	23.17	0
	[12]	1.6667	−0.1229	0.1521	78.60	21.384	0.016
	[13]	1.2493	0.1763	0.1114	90.00	9.987	0.013
	SPPC	1.6302	0.1135	0.1532	89.70	10.287	0.013
16	[9]	1.9650	0.2384	0.2409	67.71	32.29	0.005
	[10]	2.5000	0.1255	0.2235	70.10	29.83	0.07
	[11]	2.1667	0.0005	0.1961	73.13	26.85	0.02
	[12]	2.1667	−0.1245	0.1806	74.46	25.52	0.02
	[13]	1.5000	0.1754	0.1167	89.37	10.614	0.016
	SPPC	1.9903	0.1228	0.1859	87.60	12.37	0.03