Some Pathological Features of Lungs from Domestic and Wild Ruminants with Single and Mixed Protostrongylid Infections

Table 4

Microscopic abnormalities in the lungs of domestic and wild ruminants with natural protostrongylid infections.

			Host species
		Goat	Goat	Sheep	Sheep	Sheep	Mouflon	Mouflon
	Number of animals	3	1	8	1	1	1	1
Location	Protostrongylid species	M. capillaris	M. capillaris	M. capillaris	M. capillaris	M. capillaris	M. capillaris	M. capillaris
			P. rufescens		P. hobmaieri	C. ocreatus		C. ocreatus
			P. hobmaieri			N. linearis		N. linearis
						P. rufescens		P. rufescens
In the bronchi	Presence of parasite forms	+	+	+	+	+	$-$	+
	Alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in the lumen	+	+	+	+	+	$-$	+
	Desquamation of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium	+	+	+	+	+	$-$	+
In the alveoli	Parasite forms	+	+	+	+	$-$	+	+
	Macrophage alveolitis	+	+	+	+	+	$-$	+
	Neutrophilic alveolitis	+	+	+	+	+	$-$	+
	Mixed macrophage and neutrophilic alveolitis	+	+	+	+	+	$-$	+
	Serous alveolitis	$-$	$-$	$-$	+	+	$-$	$-$
	Giant cell alveolitis	$-$	$-$	$-$	+	$-$	$-$	+
	Alveolar emphysema	$-$	$-$	+	+	$-$	$-$	+
In the alveolar septa	Thickening of the septa	$-$	$-$	+	+	+	+	$-$
	Hyperemia of the septa	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	+	$-$
In the interstitium	Giant cell reaction, infiltration with monocytes and eosinophils	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$
Parasite granulomas	With disintegrated adult worm or larvae in the center	$-$	$-$	+	$-$	$-$	$-$	+
	With necrotic center in different stages of calcification	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	+	+	$-$
	With lymphoid hyperplasia	$-$	$-$	+	$-$	$-$	$-$	+
	With giant and epitheloid cells	$-$	$-$	$-$	+	$-$	+	+
Lymphoid hyperplasia	Peribronchial	+	+	+	+	+	$-$	+
	Perilobular	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$
	Intralobular	$-$	$-$	$-$	+	+	$-$	$-$
	Disseminated	$-$	$-$	+	+	+	$-$	+
Sclerosis of the parenchyma	Diffuse sclerosis, infiltration with lymphocytes	$-$	$-$	+	+	$-$	+	$-$