Tuberculosis in Goats and Sheep in Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia and Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Goat

Table 1

Association of different risk factors to skin test positivity at ≥2 mm cut-off point for small ruminant tuberculosis in Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia.

Variables	Number of animals examined	Number of positive (%)	𝜒^2	𝑃 value
Districts
Chifra	396	20 (5.05)	26.385	0.000^*
Dubti	237	22 (9.28)
Afambo	117	5 (4.27)
Amibara	1481	39 (2.63)
Species
Ovine	347	5 (1.44)	6.460	0.011^*
Caprine	1884	81 (4.3)
Herd size
≤25	617	32 (5.19)
11<𝑋≤50	851	32 (3.76)	4.915	0.086
>50	763	22 (2.88)
Sex
Male	206	11 (5.34)	1.351	0.245
Female	2025	75 (3.70)
Age^#
≤2	594	18 (3.03)
2<𝑋<5	779	36 (4.62)	2.361	0.307
𝑋≥5	858	32 (3.73)
BCS
Poor	376	13 (3.46)
Good	1116	48 (4.30)	1.204	0.548
Fat	739	25 (3.38)
Production system
Pastoral	2051	80 (3.90)	0.144	0.705
Agropastoral	180	6 (3.33)
Lactation status
Kid/lamb	57	2 (3.51)
Lactating	760	19 (2.50)	1.255	0.534
Nonlactating	354	13 (3.67)
Reproductive status
Nonpregnant	857	19 (2.22)	5.342	0.021^*
Pregnant	314	15 (4.78)
Parity number
<2	260	10 (3.85)
2≤𝑋<4	304	13 (4.28)	4.415	0.110
𝑋≥4	324	5 (1.54)

^# A given age range includes its lower bound and excludes its upper bound; BCS: body condition score; ^*statistically significant.