Tuberculosis in Goats and Sheep in Afar Pastoral Region of Ethiopia and Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Goat

Table 2

Multivariable logistic regression analysis of tuberculin reactors with various host-related risk factors at ≥2 mm cut-off point.

Variables	Number of animals examined	Number (%) of positive in CIDT	Crude odds ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Districts
Chifra	396	20 (5.05)	1	1
Dubti	237	22 (9.28)	1.92 (1.03–3.61)^*	—
Afambo	117	5 (4.27)	0.84 (0.31–2.29)	—
Amibara	1481	39 (2.63)	0.51 (0.29–0.88)^*	0.17 (0.05–0.55)^*
Species
Ovine	347	5 (1.44)	1	1
Caprine	1884	81 (4.3)	3.07 (1.24–7.64)^*	2.05 (0.42–9.94)
Herd size
≤25	617	32 (5.19)	1	1
11<𝑋≤50	851	32 (3.76)	0.71 (0.43–1.18)	1.84 (0.52–6.45)
>50	763	22 (2.88)	0.54 (0.31–0.94)^*	0.44 (0.14–1.34)
Sex
Male	206	11 (5.34)	1	1
Female	2025	75 (3.70)	0.68 (0.36–1.31)	0.25 (0.04–1.74)
Age
≤2	594	18 (3.03)	1	1
2<𝑋<5	779	36 (4.62)	1.55 (0.87–2.76)	2.16 (0.47–9.89)
𝑋≥5	858	32 (3.73)	1.24 (0.69–2.23)	13.79 (2.22–85.55)^*
BCS
Poor	376	13 (3.46)	1	1
Good	1116	48 (4.30)	1.25 (0.67–2.34)	1.90 (0.61–5.88)
Fat	739	25 (3.38)	0.98 (0.49–1.93)	0.75 (0.17–3.28)
Production system
Pastoral	2051	80 (3.90)	1	1
Agropastoral	180	6 (3.33)	1.18 (0.51–2.74)	—
Lactation status
Kid/lamb	57	2 (3.51)	1	1
Lactating	760	19 (2.50)	1.05 (0.23–4.77)	0.50(0.06–4.08)
Nonlactating	354	13 (3.67)	0.71 (0.16–3.11)	0.82(0.12–5.79)
Reproductive status
Nonpregnant	857	19 (2.22)	1	1
Pregnant	314	15 (4.78)	2.21 (1.11–4.41)^*	3.43(0.72–16.33)
Parity number
<2	260	10 (3.85)	1	1
2≤𝑋<4	304	13 (4.28)	1.12 (0.48–2.59)	0.38 (0.09–1.65)
𝑋≥4	324	5 (1.54)	0.39 (0.13–1.16)	0.05 (0.01–0.31)^*

CI: confidence interval, BCS: body condition scoring, ^*statistically significant.