Effects of Acute Bleeding Followed by Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 or a Crystalloid on Propofol Concentrations, Cerebral Oxygenation, and Electroencephalographic and Haemodynamic Variables in Pigs

Table 2

Mean arterial pressure (MAP: mmHg), heart rate (HR: bpm), cardiac output (CO: L min⁻¹), SvjO₂ (%), cerebral oxygen saturation given by the INVOS, % of oxygen extraction (SpO₂-SvjO₂), propofol plasma concentration (𝐶_𝑝: μg/mL), and propofol metabolites concentration (𝐶_met: μg/mL) at each study phase: A: right before the start of bleeding; B: at the end of bleeding/start of the waiting period; C: at the end of the waiting period/start of the volume replacement period; D: at the end of the volume replacement period/start of the final phase; and E: at the end of the study. G_LR: group that received lactated Ringer’s for volume replacement; G_HES: group that received hydroxyethyl starch for volume replacement. Mean ± standard deviation is shown. The number of animals (𝑁) in each group for each parameter is shown.

MAP (mmHg)

HR (bpm)

CO (L min^−1)

SvjO2 (%)

Cerebral oxygen; saturation

% of oxygen; extraction; (SpO2-SvjO2)

𝐶𝑝 (μg/mL)

𝐶met (μg/mL)

GLR; (𝑁=6)

GHES; (𝑁=6)

GLR; (𝑁=6)

GHES; (𝑁=6)

GLR; (𝑁=6)

GHES; (𝑁=6)

GLR; (𝑁=6)

GHES; (𝑁=6)

GLR; (𝑁=6)

GHES; (𝑁=6)

GLR; (𝑁=6)

GHES; (𝑁=6)

GLR; (𝑁=5)^¤

GHES; (𝑁=5)^¤

GLR; (𝑁=5)^¤

GHES; (𝑁=5)^¤

A

72.1 ± 11.3

73.3 ± 6.9

76.2 ± 16.2

76.3 ± 17.5

4.9 ± 1.3

4.3 ± 0.9

83.8 ± 10.1

81.5 ± 9.8

61.0 ± 6.8

63.5 ± 6.0

14.6 ± 6.4

23.4 ± 3.4

4.6 ± 1.2

4.5 ± 0.5

0.09 ± 0.06

0.05 ± 0.04

B

33.7±5.8^∗∗

34.9±6.14^∗∗

77.1 ± 24.7

85.8 ± 28.2

2.0±0.8^∗∗

1.8±0.2^∗∗

68.9±13.9^∗∗

75.6±8.5^∗∗

53.8±11.1^∗∗

51.5±5.3^∗∗

30.3 ± 15.4

29.7 ± 4.9

6.0±1.3^∗∗

5.5±0.9^∗∗

0.10 ± 0.05

0.08 ± 0.04

C

47.4±6.4^∗∗

51.3±10.6^∗∗

77.9 ± 28.4

80.9 ± 34.3

2.3 ± 0.6

2.7 ± 1.8

59.3±21.1^∗

66.5±7.6^∗

53.8 ± 9.5

52.2 ± 5.8

35.9 ± 22.2

30 ± 4.3

5.7 ± 1.3

5.5 ± 1.6

0.13 ± 0.04

0.10 ± 0.07

D

79.7±21.6^∗∗

82.8±17.7^∗∗

81.9±19.2^∗

90.1±20.9^∗

4.7±2.0^∗

5.5±1.4^∗

76.1±9.2^∗∗

72.7±7.2^∗∗

59.1±4.9^∗∗

58.5±8.3^∗∗

25.9 ± 10.2

27 ± 4.4

5.0 ± 0.8

3.5 ± 0.4

0.14 ± 0.05

0.08 ± 0.04

E

76.5±22.8^∗

79.2±13.7^∗

81.9 ± 17.6

93.0 ± 14.4

4.1±1.6^∗

5.4 ± 1.7

73.0 ± 11.7

78.1 ± 15.4

58.8 ± 4.2

61.3±6.1^∗

30.2 ± 12.6

25.4 ± 10.0

5.2 ± 1.2^¥

3.4 ± 0.33^¥

0.14 ± 0.06

0.09 ± 0.05

¤The number of animals for the 𝐶_𝑝 and 𝐶_met was 𝑁=5 due to a technical problem with the GCMS analysis of the plasma samples of two animals.
Significantly different from the previous measurement: ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 level. ^¥Significant differences between groups at the 𝑃<0.05 level.