Research Article

Elephant (Elephas maximus) Health and Management in Asia: Variations in Veterinary Perspectives

Table 12


Date: —————————————————
(14) What are the obstacles that prevent you from obtaining needed medicines (check all that apply)?
   □ Costs for medicines/financial limitations of elephant owner
   □ Limited availability of medicines on the local market
   □ Import restriction for medicines not available on the local market
   □ Other      If “other”, please specify————————
(15) What are the obstacles that prevent you from conducting needed treatments (check all that apply)?
   □ Limited access to the area where the elephant is located (road conditions, no transportation, etc.)
   □ Treatment not permitted by elephant owner
   □ Mahouts that do not cooperate
   □ Elephants that are not trained/do not tolerate needed treatment procedures
   □ Limited diagnostic techniques to sufficiently diagnose diseases and identify ideal treatment schemes
   □ Other      If “other”, please specify————————
(16) What are the obstacles that prevent you from performing needed diagnostic procedures (check all that apply)?
   □ Costs for tests/financial limitations of elephant owner
   □ Limited availability of diagnostic tests
   □ Import restriction for diagnostic tests or supplies that limit availability
   □ Inability to keep equipment in working order
   □ Lack of training
   □ Insufficient availability of trained personnel to conduct tests
   □ Other      If “other”, please specify————————
(17) What are the preventive medicine program needs that exist (check all that apply)?
   Elephant food:
    □ Vitamin supplements
    □ Mineral supplements
    □ Specific food supplements with high nutrients
    □ Other; please specify———————
   Shelter:
    □ Special location and facilities for the conduction of treatments (a clinic)
    □ Shelter for sick elephants and/or mothers with calf
    □ Isolation facility
    □ Specific facility/restraint for musth bulls
    □ Others; please specify——————
   Water:
    □ Control of water quality
      If yes, please describe techniques/measurements used to control water quality
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    □ Control of water quantity provided/made available
   Medications:
    What kind of preventive medications are administered?
    (Please list as many as you are aware of)
    ——————————————————
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   Vaccinations:
    What are the vaccinations administered? (Please list as many as you are aware of)
    ——————————————————
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   Mahout training:
    □ Training about daily routine health care procedures
    □ Training about different restraint and handling tools
    □ Training about elephant biology and behavior
    □ Appropriate use of basic drugs and administering basic medications
    □ Other (if “other,” please specify)
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(18) What kind of preventive programs would you suggest as useful to be conducted in your area, and which currently cannot be conducted? (Please provide details where possible)
 (A) Elephant food——————————————————————————————————
 (B) Shelter—————————————————————————————————————
 (C) Water—————————————————————————————————————
 (D) Medications———————————————————————————————————
 (E) Vaccinations——————————————————————————————————
 (F) Mahout management training——————————————————————————
 (G) Veterinary training———————————————————————————————
 (H) Other—————————————————————————————————————