Research Article

Elephant (Elephas maximus) Health and Management in Asia: Variations in Veterinary Perspectives

Table 5

Survey respondents’ () perceptions of needed improvements in the diagnosis, treatment, and preventive medicine for elephants in Asian range countries.

Category of concernsSpecific concerns for each categoryNumber of respondents indicating a need (%)

Obstacles that prevent obtaining needed medicationsFinancial constraints15 (33.3)
Limited drug availability29 (64.4)
Import restrictions for drugs18 (40)

Obstacles that prevent conducting needed treatmentsLimited access to elephants (roads, etc.)11 (24.4)
Treatment not permitted by owner4 (8.89)
Absence of mahout cooperation2 (4.44)
Untrained/uncooperative elephants16 (35.6)
Limited diagnostics that could serve to direct appropriate treatments30 (66.7)

Obstacles to performing diagnostic proceduresFinancial constraints15 (33.3)
Limited diagnostic test availability29 (64.4)
Import restrictions for diagnostic tests11 (24.4)
Broken equipment6 (13.3)
Lack of personnel training 19 (42.2)
Shortage of trained personnel23 (51.1)

Preventive medicine needs: foodVitamin supplements33 (73.3)
Mineral supplements34 (75.6)
High nutrient supplements31 (68.9)

Preventive medicine needs: shelterClinic for conducting treatments25 (55.6)
Nursery and/or sick elephant facilities21 (46.7)
Isolation facility18 (40)
Facility for musth bulls23 (51.1)

Preventive medicine needs: waterControl of H2O quality13 (28.9)
Control of H2O quantity13 (28.9)

Preventive medicine needs: mahout training topicsDaily routine health36 (80)
Elephant restraint and handling tools28 (62.2)
Elephant biology and behavior29 (64.4)
Drug use and administration27 (60)