Research Article
Isolation and Determination of Antibacterial Sensitivity Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus from Lactating Cows in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Table 3
Binomial logistic regression analysis of association between bovine mastitis and risk factors.
| Characteristics | Category | Mastitis positive (%) | Univariate | Multivariate | OR (95% CI) | value | OR (95% CI) | value |
| Districts | Wolmera | 28 (34.57) | 1.0 | | | | Ambo | 33 (42.86) | 1.42 (0.75–2.71) | 0.285 | | | Toke kutaye | 19 (37.25) | 1.12 (0.54–2.33) | 0.754 | | | Bako tibe | 17 (34.69) | 1.01 (0.47–2.11) | 0.988 | | |
| Agroecology | Highland | 28 (34.57) | 1.0 | | | | Midland | 52 (40.62) | 1.30 (0.73–2.32) | 0.381 | | | Lowland | 17 (34.69) | 1.01 (0.47–2.11) | 0.988 | | |
| Breeds | Local | 42 (36.52) | 1.0 | | | | Cross | 55 (38.46) | 1.09 (0.65–1.81) | 0.749 | | |
| Farm types | Intensive | 4 (14.81) | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Semiintensive | 18 (36.73) | 3.34 (1.07–12.75) | 0.051 | 2.45 (0.31–22.64) | 0.40672 | Extensive | 75 (41.21) | 4.03 (1.48–14.17) | 0.013 | 8.20 (1.33–68.25) | 0.03451 |
| Age group of the animal | Adult | 43 (35.25) | 1.0 | | | | Medium | 33 (37.93) | 1.12 (0.63–1.99) | 0.691 | | | Young | 21 (42.86) | 1.38 (0.70–2.71) | 0.353 | | |
| Lactation stage | Early | 28 (29.17) | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Mid | 41 (43.16) | 1.84 (1.02–3.38) | 0.045 | 5.03 (1.48–19.27) | 0.01275 | Late | 28 (41.79) | 1.74 (0.91–3.37) | 0.096 | 6.12 (1.55–27.32) | 0.01229 |
| Parity level | Moderate | 51 (30.54) | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Few | 43 (50.00) | 2.27 (1.33–3.90) | 0.003 | 2.32 (0.78–7.16) | 0.13117 | Many | 3 (60.00) | 3.41 (0.55–26.49) | 0.186 | 0.12 (0.00–2.80) | 0.19550 |
| Animal’s body condition | Moderate | 57 (32.20) | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Good | 17 (50.00) | 2.11 (1.00–4.45) | 0.049 | 0.64 (0.12–3.20) | 0.58828 | Poor | 23 (48.94) | 2.02 (1.05–3.89) | 0.035 | 1.14 (0.30–4.22) | 0.84861 |
| Number of lactating cows in the herd | Small | 80 (35.71) | 1.0 | | | | Medium | 7 (43.75) | 1.40 (0.48–3.90) | 0.520 | | | Large | 10 (55.56) | 2.25 (0.85–6.11) | 0.101 | | |
| Hand washing before milking | Yes | 18 (11.69) | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | No | 79 (75.96) | 23.88 (12.6–47.8) | 0.000 | 15.98 (5.6–51.5) | 0.0000 |
| Udder washing before milking | Yes | 14 (8.86) | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | No | 83 (83.00) | 50.22 (24.4–111.3) | 0.000 | 36.90 (12.2–135.6) | 0.0000 |
| Current tick infestation of the teat | No | 55 (26.44) | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Yes | 42 (84.00) | 14.60 (6.77–35.34) | 0.000 | 34.24 (5.9–253.3) | 0.00020 |
| S. aureus | Negative | 63 (29.30) | 1.0 | | 1.0 | | Positive | 34 (79.1) | 9.11 (4.29–21.24) | 0.000 | 1.15 (0.22–6.09) | 0.86272 |
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OR = odds ratio and 1.0 = reference group.
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