The Effects of an In Vitro Oocyte Maturation System and Chlorogenic Acid Supplementation during Embryo Culture on the Development of Porcine Cloned Embryos Derived from Native Vietnamese Ban Pigs

Table 2

Effects of CGA supplementation during in vitro culture (IVC) on the development and quality of Ban pig somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) .

Embryo sources	IVC medium	Number (%) of embryos			Number of blastocysts examined	Total cell number	Apoptotic index (%)
		Cultured	Cleaved	Developed to blastocysts
Parthenogenesis	PZM3	119	109 (91.6 ± 4.0)	29 (23.7 ± 4.8)^a	28	40.4 ± 3.9	14.2 ± 1.3^A
	PZM3 + CGA	120	115 (95.8 ± 1.5)	47 (40.3 ± 7.8)^b	30	36.7 ± 5.3	8.5 ± 1.2^B
SCNT	PZM3	135	113 (83.9 ± 2.2)	35 (26.1 ± 5.5)^a,b	23	38.3 ± 2.9	19.8 ± 2.3^A
	PZM3 + CGA	138	111 (80.4 ± 2.3)	33 (23.8 ± 2.9)^a	21	39.5 ± 5.6	12.3 ± 1.2^B

All experiments were repeated six times. Percentage data and cell numbers are expressed as mean ± SEM. Apoptotic index was calculated by dividing the number of cells containing apoptotic nuclei by the total number of cells. ^a,bValues with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (). ^A,BA embryo source × IVC medium interaction was detected in the cleavage and apoptotic indices (). Values with different superscripts in the same embryo source are significantly different ().