Antimicrobial Usage by Small-Scale Commercial Poultry Farmers in Mid-Western District of Masindi Uganda: Patterns, Public Health Implications, and Antimicrobial Resistance of E. coli

Table 3

AMEG categories of veterinary antibiotics used in poultry production in Masindi district.

AMEG category	Antimicrobial drug	Class	Frequency	Percentage	CI (95%)
D-prudence	Tetracycline hydrochloride	Tetracycline	72	51.4	42.8–60.0
D-prudence	Trimethoprim/Sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim	Sulfonamide	40	28.6	21.3–36.8
D-prudence	Nitrofuran derivatives	Furazolidone	15	10.7	6.1–17.1
C-caution	Neomycin sulphate	Aminoglycoside	10	7.1	3.5–12.7
C-caution	Gentamicin sulphate	Aminoglycoside	3	2.1	0.04–6.1

EMA/AMEG classifies antibiotics used in animals into four categories A, avoid; B, restrict; C, caution; D, prudence. Category C (caution) is antibiotics for which alternatives in human medicine generally exist in the EU, but only a few alternatives are available in certain veterinary indications. These antibiotics should only be used when there are no antimicrobial substances in category D that would be clinically effective. Category D (prudence) includes antibiotics that are used for first line treatment with prudence and only when medically needed.