Policy on Plagiarism and Duplicate Publication

The journal is committed to publishing only original material, i.e., material that has neither been published elsewhere, nor is under review elsewhere. Manuscripts that are found to have been plagiarized from a manuscript by other authors, whether published or unpublished, will incur plagiarism sanctions by the Journal. The following plagiarism sanctions will be applied:

• Immediate rejection of the infringing manuscript.
• Immediate rejection of every other manuscript, submitted to any journal published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation, where all authors are authors of the infringing manuscript.
• Prohibition against all of the authors for any new submissions to any journal published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation, either individually or in combination with other authors of the infringing manuscript, as well as in combination with any other authors. The prohibition shall continue for three years from notice of suspension.
• Prohibition against all of the authors from serving on the Editorial Board of any journal published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation.

Manuscripts that are found to have been published elsewhere, or to be under review elsewhere, will incur duplicate submission/publication sanctions by the Journal. If authors have used their own previously published work or work under review as a basis for the manuscript, they are required to cite the previous work and indicate how the manuscript offers novel contributions beyond those of the previous work. The following duplicate submission/publication sanctions will be applied:

• Immediate rejection of the infringing manuscript.
• Immediate rejection of every other manuscript, submitted to any journal published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation, where all authors are authors of the infringing manuscript.
• Prohibition against all of the authors for any new submissions to any journal published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation, either individually or in combination with other authors of the infringing manuscript, as well as in combination with any other authors. The prohibition shall continue for 18 months from notice of suspension.
• Prohibition against all of the authors from serving on the Editorial Board of any journal published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation.

In the event that there are documented violations of these policies in any journal, regardless of whether or not the violations occurred in a journal published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation, the above sanctions will be applied.