References

1. A. R. Coombe, C.-T. G. Ho, and M. A. Darendeliler et al., “The effects of low level laser irradiation on osteoblastic cells,” Clinical Orthodontics and Research, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 3–14, 2001.

   View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

2. D. Simpson, B. Daily, and S. Brehm, “The ${\text{AttoPhos}}^{\circledR }$ system for fluorescent detection of alkaline phosphatase in an enzyme-linked assay,” Promega Notes, vol. 74, pp. 7–9, 2006.

   View at: Google Scholar

3. T. Abe, Y. Abe, Y. Aida, Y. Hara, and K. Maeda, “Extracellular matrix regulates induction of alkaline phosphatase expression by ascorbic acid in human fibroblasts,” Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol. 189, no. 2, pp. 144–151, 2001.

   View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

4. T. Abe, Y. Hara, Y. Abe, Y. Aida, and K. Maeda, “Isolation of alkaline phosphatase-positive gingival fibroblasts from patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease,” Journal of Periodontal Research, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 285–293, 1996.

   View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

5. J. R. Ring, “Alkaline phosphatase activity of healing gingival wounds in the rat,” Journal of Dental Research, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 329–334, 1952.

   View at: Google Scholar

6. T. Abe, Y. Hara, Y. Abe, Y. Aida, and K. Maeda, “Serum or growth factor deprivation induces the expression of alkaline phosphatase in human gingival fibroblasts,” Journal of Dental Research, vol. 77, no. 9, pp. 1700–1707, 1998.

   View at: Google Scholar

7. T. Abe, A. Akamine, Y. Hara, and K. Maeda, “Expression of membrane alkaline phosphatase activity on gingival fibroblasts in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease,” Journal of Periodontal Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 259–265, 1994.

   View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

8. H. M. Fullmer, “The histochemistry of the connective tissue,” in International Review of Connective Tissue Research, D. A. Hall, Ed., pp. 1–76, Academic press, New York, NY, USA, 1965.

   View at: Google Scholar

9. A. P. Sappino, W. Schurch, and G. Gabbiani, “Differentation repertoire of fibroblastic cells: expression of cytoskeletal proteins as marker of phenotypic modulations,” Laboratory Investigation, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 144–161, 1990.

   View at: Google Scholar

10. J. Tunér and L. Hode, “Some basic laser physics,” in Laser Therapy—Clinical Practice and Scientific Background, chapter 1, pp. 12–21, 22, Prima Books, AB, Grängesberg, Sweden, 2002.

    View at: Google Scholar

11. M. Soory and A. Suchak, “Modulation of nicotine mediated responses in human gingival fibroblasts by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and the alkaline phosphatase inhibitor levamisole,” Endocrine Abstracts, vol. 6, DP7, 2003.

    View at: Google Scholar

12. D. M. Williams, R. Gillett, and J. E. Linder, “An ultrastructural and enzyme cytochemical study of the response of the neutrophil series to a local inflammatory stimulus in the rat,” Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 323–330, 1982.

    View at: Google Scholar

13. T. Kanno, T. Takahashi, T. Tsujisawa, W. Ariyoshi, and T. Nishihara, “Platelet-rich plasma enhances human osteoblast-like cell proliferation and differentiation,” Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 362–369, 2005.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

14. M. Yue, Q. Ni, C.-H. Yu, K.-M. Ren, W.-X. Chen, and Y.-M. Li, “Transient elevation of hepatic enzymes in volunteers after intake of alcohol,” Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases International, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 52–55, 2006.

    View at: Google Scholar

15. A. Stein, D. Benayahu, L. Maltz, and U. Oron, “Low-level laser irradiation promotes proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts in vitro,” Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 161–166, 2005.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

16. M. Khadra, S. P. Lyngstadaas, H. R. Haanæs, and K. Mustafa, “Effect of laser therapy on attachment, proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cells cultured on titanium implant material,” Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 17, pp. 3503–3509, 2005.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

17. G. A. Guzzardella, M. Fini, P. Torricelli, G. Giavaresi, and R. Giardino, “Laser stimulation on bone defect healing: an in vitro study,” Lasers in Medical Science, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 216–220, 2002.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

18. A. R. Coombe, C.-T. G. Ho, and M. A. Darendeliler et al., “The effects of low level laser irradiation on osteoblastic cells,” Clinical Orthodontics and Research, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 3–14, 2001.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

19. D. Hawkins and H. Abrahamse, “The role of laser fluence in cell viability, proliferation, and membrane integrity of wounded human skin fibroblasts following Helium-Neon laser irradiation,” Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 74–83, 2006.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

20. D. Hawkins and H. Abrahamse, “Changes in cell viability of wounded fibroblasts following laser irradiation in broad-spectrum or infrared light,” Laser Chemistry, vol. 2007, Article ID 71039, 10 pages, 2007.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

21. R. Ausubel, R. Brent, and R. E. Kingston et al., Short Protocols in Molecular Cloning, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 4th edition, 1994.

    View at: Google Scholar

22. J. Sambrook, E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbour, NY, USA, 2nd edition, 1989.

    View at: Google Scholar

23. J. C. Yarrow, Z. E. Perlman, N. J. Westwood, and T. J. Mitchison, “A high-throughput cell migration assay using scratch wound healing, a comparison of image-based readout methods,” BMC Biotechnology, vol. 4, p. 21, 2004.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

24. J. Rigau, C.-H. Sun, M. A. Trelles, and M. W. Berns, “Effects of the 633 nm laser on the behavior and morphology of primary fibroblast culture,” in Effects of Low-Power Light on Biological Systems, T. I. Karu and A. R. Young, Eds., vol. 2630 of Proceedings of SPIE, pp. 38–42, Barcelona, Spain, September 1995.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

25. D. Cha, P. O'Brien, E. A. O'Toole, D. T. Woodley, and L. G. Hudson, “Enhanced modulation of keratinocyte motility by transforming growth factor-$\alpha$ (TGF-$\alpha$) relative to epidermal growth factor (EGF),” Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 590–597, 1996.

    View at: Google Scholar

26. D. G. Siposan and A. Lukacs, “Relative variation to received dose of some erythrocytic and leukocytic indices of human blood as a result of low-level laser radiation: an in vitro study,” Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine and Surgery, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 89–103, 2001.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

27. G. Alpaslan, T. Nakajima, and Y. Takano, “Extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity as a possible marker for wound healing: a preliminary report,” Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 56–62, 1997.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

28. H. Abrahamse, D. Hawkins, and N. Houreld, “Effect of wavelength and fluence on morphology, cellular and genetic integrity of diabetic wounded human skin fibroblasts,” in Mechanisms for Low-Light Therapy, vol. 6140 of Proceedings of SPIE, pp. 1–13, San Jose, Calif, USA, January 2006.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

29. A. L. B. Pinheiro, S. C. Nascimento, and A. L. de Barros Vieira et al., “Effects of low-level laser therapy on malignant cells: in vitro study,” Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine and Surgery, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 23–26, 2002.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

30. R. Moravec, “Total cell quantitation using the CytoTox $96^{\circledR }$ non-radioactive cytotoxicity assay,” Promega Notes, vol. 45, pp. 11–12, 1994.

    View at: Google Scholar

31. M. Takamiya, K. Saigusa, N. Nakayashiki, and Y. Aoki, “Studies on mRNA expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in wound healing for wound age determination,” International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 46–50, 2003.

    View at: Google Scholar

32. R. F. Vogt Jr., D. L. Phillips, L. O. Henderson, W. Whitfield, and F. W. Spierto, “Quantitative differences among various proteins as blocking agents for ELISA microtiter plates,” Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 43–50, 1987.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

33. D. Hawkins and H. Abrahamse, “Effect of multiple exposures of low-level laser therapy on the cellular responses of wounded human skin fibroblasts,” Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 705–714, 2006.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

34. D. Hawkins and H. Abrahamse, “The release of interleukin-6 after Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and the effect on migration and proliferation of human skin fibroblasts—an in vitro study,” Medical Technology S.A., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 11–15, 2004.

    View at: Google Scholar

35. D. Hawkins and H. Abrahamse, “Biological effects of Helium-Neon laser irradiation on normal and wounded human skin fibroblasts,” Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 251–259, 2005.

    View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar