(a) Density of temperature observations per grid cell averaged 1–300 m depth over 1958–2007 and place names. (b) Time series of sea temperature observations averaged over the Caribbean. Starting point for sub-surface analysis is vertical line. (c) Spatial pattern of SLP mode-1 pattern (1854–2007) as an indication of multidecadal amplitude. (d) Wavelet cospectra of Caribbean SLP and SST (cf. Figures 2(a) and 2(b)), with power contoured at intervals 10, 25, 50, 75%, and cone of validity.