| (i) “Accessible” care that is continuous, nonpaternalistic, and patient centered |
| [15, 20, 21] |
| (ii) Vigilance in prescription of lowest-cost generic medications [22] |
| (iii) Longer appointment times facilitating identification, treatment, and referral of |
| at-risk families [23, 24] |
| (iv) Diligence around preventive and chronic illness care for low-income patients will |
| lead them to use medical attention less often [25–27] |
| (v) Mental health screening to address the significant underidentification of mental |
| illness in low socioeconomic groups [23, 28] |
| (vi) Particular attention to adequate pain treatment for common chronic conditions |
| for which low-income patients have reported inadequate treatment [23] |
| (vii) Addressing direct health impacts of indebtedness and financial insecurity such |
| as sleeplessness, substance use, and depression [7] |
| (viii) Favourable billing schemes adjusted for income level and complex care [22] |
| (ix) Interactive and incentive-based physical activity and nutrition interventions [29] |
| (x) Integrated and home-based geriatric care management [30] |
| (xi) Increased coordination of interdisciplinary services to reduce use of institutional |
| or inpatient services, and improve patient satisfaction [13, 20]. |
