Community Level Disadvantage and the Likelihood of First Ischemic Stroke
Table 1
Demographics, risk factor prevalence, and distribution of social resources among ischemic stroke cases and age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-matched controls: The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study.
Definitions
Cases
Controls
(%)
(%)
Sociodemographics
Age
≥65 yrs
467 (68)
796 (69)
Mean age
68.2 ± 11 yrs
69.6 ± 12 yrs
Gender
Women
398 (58)
692 (60)
Race-ethnicity
White
151 (22)
254 (22)
Black
192 (28)
323 (28)
Hispanic
343 (50)
577 (50)
Vascular risk factors
Hypertension
SBP ≥ 140, DBP ≥ 90, or HX
488 (71)*
699 (52)
Diabetes
FBS ≥ 126 or HX
206 (30)*
184 (16)
Cardiac disease
HX MI, angina, cardiac meds, or surgery
275 (40)
231 (20)
Physical Inactivity
No reported activity
330 (48)*
254 (22)
Social resources
Occupation
Unskilled
304 (44)
461 (40)
Education
High School Graduate
222 (33)*
566 (49)
Health Access
Receiving home help
139 (21)*
128 (11)
Insurance
Medicare
443 (66)
796 (69)
Medicaid
298 (44)*
339 (29)
Private
220 (33)*
543 (47)
Acculturation
>5 years in community
600 (87)*
1096 (95)
Social Support
Currently married
224 (33)
343 (30)
Social Isolation (less than 3 friends)
172 (25)*
186 (16)
*Comparison between unmatched cases and controls statistically significant at .
