Abstract
Ctenodontina Enderlein is reported for the first time in Brazil. A new species Ctenodontina nairae sp. nov. is described from the Amazonas state, Brazil. The habitus, wing, and structures of terminalia are described, and illustrated and a key to species is presented.
1. Introduction
Ctenodontina Enderlein is characterized by the epandrium narrowed apically (usually terminating in a finger-like lobe) and distinctly shorter than sternite 8 [1, 2]. In the female, the ovipositor with apical ventral comb of spines, and with tergite 8 broadly expanded laterally, densely setose and cupped beneath, completely obscuring sternite 8 in profile [1, 2].
Ctenodontina is a Neotropical genus (Figure 1), comprising 4 species [3]: C. martini. Fisher [4]. This species was described by Fisher in Fisher and Hespenheide, 1992 [1] (Mexico and Guatemala), C. maya Carrera and d'Andretta [5] (Peru), C. mochica Lamas [6] (Peru), and C. pectinatipes Enderlein [7] (Colombia). Furthermore, Artigas and Papavero [8] illustrated a male hind femur of Ctenodontina sp. from Argentina, Jujuy, La Legua (Figure 2(e)), but they did not described the specimen. The same illustrations used by Artigas and Papavero [8] were used by Papavero et al. [9].
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In this work a new species for Ctenodontina from Amazonas state, Brazil, is described and illustrated and a key for all species presently in Ctenodontina is provided.
2. Material and Methods
This study is based on the examination of specimens housed in the following Brazilian institutions: CZPB—Coleção Zoológica Prof. Paulo Bührnheim, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil, and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil. Morphological terminology follows Cumming and Wood [10]. Detached wings were mounted on microslides in Canada Balsam. The microslides were glued on the edge of a piece of resistant paper and thereafter, attached at the same pin of the specimen. In this way, the piece is maintained detached next to the specimen. Dissected terminalia were treated in hot (40°C) 10% KOH for 8 hours, washed in water, posteriorly treated in 10% acetic acid and subsequently examined in excavated slides in glycerin. After examination and illustration, the detached parts were placed in microvials with glycerin and pinned with their respective specimens.
The label data is cited in full, with the original spellings, punctuations, and dates. Information presented within brackets is complementary data not included on the labels. Data for the same specimen but from different labels are separated by slashes (/). The map (Figure 1) was built with DIVA-GIS 7.4.0.
2.1. Key to Species to Ctenodontina Species Modified from Lamas [6]
(1)Male hind femur without swelling on the ventral surface of its apical 3/4, bearing a group of spine-like setae or subtuberculate spines (Figure 2(f))—2Male hind femur with swelling on the ventral surface of its apical 3/4, bearing a group of spine-like setae or subtuberculate spines Figures 2(b)–2(e))—3(2)Epandrium wide basally with finger-like lobe placed dorsally. Apex of finger-like lobe rounded in lateral view Figure 2(a))—C. martini Fisher in Fisher and Hespenheide [1]. Epandrium strongly excavated laterally with finger-like lobe placed ventrally. Apex of finger-like lobe pointed in lateral view Figures 4(c)-4(d))—C. nairae Vieira sp. nov. (3)Femora completely light yellow brown; femoral swelling large and distinct Figures 2(c)-2(d))—4Femora dorsally black; femoral swelling small (Figure 2(b))—C. maya Carrera and d’Andretta [5]. (4)Mystax white with some black setae intermixed; femoral swelling on apical half, comb-like, with long, stout teeth Figure 2(d))—C. pectinatipes Enderlein [7].Mystax entirely white; femoral swelling on apical fourth, sack-like, with short, slender teeth (Figure 2(c))—C. mochica Lamas [6].2.2. Description
Ctenodontina nairae Vieira sp. nov.
(Figures 2(f), 3(a)-3(b) and 4(a)–4(j)).
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2.2.1. Description Male Holotype
Head. Antennae black; orbital setae black; vertex black; face black with golden tomentose; mystacal macrosetae yellow, except black on lateral margin and portion superior of facial gibbosity; frons black sparsely yellow tomentose; occiput gray tomentose; occipital setae whitish; 5-6 black postocular macrosetae; palpus black with black setae, yellowish setae only at base; apical setae of palpus longer than others; proboscis black with yellowish ventral setae; labial setae yellowish.
Thorax (Figure 3(a)). Antepronotum and postpronotum black, brown tomentose; mesonotum black with golden tomentose border in dorsal view; posthumeral and lateroscutal spots brown tomentose and prescutellar spot grayish tomentose; scutellum black, gray tomentose; pleuron black, gray tomentose. Chaetotaxy: 2 notopleural macrosetae; 2 supra-alar macrosetae; 1 postalar macroseta; 5-6 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral macrosetae; no apical scutellar macrosetae; no anatergal seta; discal scutellar setae black; setae on posterior meron + metanepisternum whitish; katatergal setae whitish.
Wing (Figure 3(b)). Brown infuscated, mainly at distal half; no costal dilation; R4 and R5 bifurcation placed beyond discal cell apex; crossvein r-m situated beyond middle of discal cell; microtrichia on posterior margin arranged in a single plane; halter pale yellow mixed with black.
Legs (Figures 2(f) and 3(a)). Fore and midfemora dorsally and anteriorly black, ventrally and posteroventrally yellowish, except black narrow apex of mid femora posteroventrally; hind femora wholly black, without swelling (Figure 2(f)); fore tibia dorsally, ventrally and posteriorly yellowish, anteriorly with brown longitudinal stripe with brown, short close spaced, spiniform setae and a yellow longitudinal stripe. Mid tibiae dorsally, posteriorly and ventrally yellow, anteriorly with yellow longitudinal stripe and black stripe. Hind tibiae black, except yellow basal half dorsally. Fore and midtarsomeres yellow, except black apex of tarsomeres 1–4 and black apical half of tarsomere 5. Hind tarsomere black mixed with brown. Chaetotaxy: hind trochanter with yellow setae; fore femora with yellow and black setae ventrally; middle femora with 5 black anterior macrosetae, 6 black macrosetae and 1 yellow seta posteriorly, 33 black macrosetae ventrally; hind femora with 3 black macrosetae anterior, 3 black macrosetae anteroventrally; fore tibiae with 5 black setae dorsally, middle tibiae with 2 black macrosetae anteroventrally; hind tibia with 1 black preapical macroseta anteroventrally; all macrosetae and setae of tarsomeres black.
Abdomen (Figure 3(a)). Black. Tergites and sternites II–V brown at apex. Tergites II-III with yellow lateral macrosetae. Sternite VIII elongate with a projection of truncated apex, longer than terminalia in lateral view (Figures 4(a)–4(e)). Sternite VIII predominantly black with some brown parts. Sternite VIII densely black and with brown setae on lateral margin and at apex of projection (Figures 4(a)–4(e)).
Terminalia (Figures 4(b)–4(j)). Black (Figure 4(c)). Epandrium strongly excavated laterally with finger-like lobe placed ventrally (Figures 4(c)-4(d)); apex of finger-like lobe pointed in lateral view (Figures 4(c)-4(d)) and slightly bifid in frontal view; epandrium with 4 long macrosetae on inferior margin and long setae on superior margin in lateral view (Figures 4(b) and 4(d)–4(f)); gonocoxite triangular (Figures 4(f) and 4(h)) with apex digitiform (Figure 4(h)); inferior margin preapically of gonocoxite with some black minute setae spiniform, close spaced, in lateral view (Figure 4(h)); gonostylus curved, situated proximally of gonocoxite (Figures 4(f) and 4(h)-4(i)), with apex truncated and numerous spiniform setae laterally (Figure 4(i)); hypandrium reduced and extremely narrow medially (Figure 4(f)); hypandrium with long setae at apex of lateral margins (Figure 4(f)); subepandrial sclerite with a kell medially and with 2 macrosetae distally (Figure 4(g)); subepandrial sclerite with two lobes laterally covered by spiral shaped setae (Figure 4(g)); each cercus with 3 macrosetae at apex (Figure 4(g)); phallus with 2 prongs (Figure 4(j)); ejaculatory apodeme wide in lateral view (Figure 4(j)).
2.2.2. Size
Body length 21 mm.
2.2.3. Holotype Condition
1 left notopleural macroseta lost. Detached wing mounted on microslides, terminalia placed in microvials with glycerin and pinned along with the specimen.
2.2.4. Variation
Male: 7–9 pairs of postsutural dorsocentral macrosetae and 1 pair of presutural; 7 black macrosetae on left mid femur; right hind femur with 4 black anterior macrosetae, 2 black anteroventral macrosetae; body length 19.6 mm.
2.2.5. Female
Unknown.
2.2.6. Etymology
The species name is dedicated to Dr. Nair Aguiar, a professor from Universidade Federal do Amazonas.
2.2.7. Geographical Records
Brazil: Amazonas state (Figure 1).
2.2.8. Comments
C. nairae Vieira sp. nov. differ from other Ctenodontina species by the characters presented in the identification key. Furthermore, C. nairae Vieira sp. nov. can be separated from Ctenodontina sp. (Argentina) because it do not possess a spinous swelling ventrally on male hind femora (Figures 2(e)-2(f)). According to Fisher [4], various authors mentioned a spinous swelling ventrally on male hind femora (Figures 2(b)–2(e)) as the main diagnostic characteristic of Ctenodontina. Fisher [4] comments that this is an unreliable generic character—this condition not present in all species and Ctenodontina is better defined by its very distinctive male and female terminalia.
2.2.9. Type Material Examined
Holotype: Brasil, Amazonas, Coari, rio Urucu, Ig.[arapé] Marta-3, 4°50′0,73′′S, 65°02′37′′W, 14-25.viii.1993, P. F. Bührnheim et al. col./Armadilha de Malaise/Holótipo Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (♂ CZPB).
Paratypes: Brasil, Amazonas, Coari, rio Urucu, Angelim, 5°3′33′′S, 65°14′48′′W, 23.xi-02.xii.1992, P. F. Bührnheim and N.O. Aguiar/Armadilha de Shannon/Paratype Ctenodontina nairae Vieira (♂ INPA).
Abbreviations
| Cer: | Cercus |
| Ej Apod: | Ejaculatory apodeme |
| Epd: | Epandrium |
| Gnx: | Gonocoxite |
| Gst: | Gonostylus |
| Hyp: | Hypandrium |
| Ph: | Phallus |
| Sub scl: | Subepandrial sclerite |
| S VIII: | Sternite VIII |
| T VIII: | Tergite VIII. |
Acknowledgments
Thanks are due to Fabio Godoi (CZPB) and Dr. Nair Aguiar (CZPB) for the loan of the specimens, to Dr. José Albertino Rafael (INPA) for the critical review of the paper, to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) and to CNPq for the financial support.