Journal of Allergy

Research Article

Measurement of Inhaled Corticosteroid Adherence in Inner-City, Minority Children with Persistent Asthma by Parental Report and Integrated Dose Counter

Table 1

Sociodemographic characteristics of children ().


Characteristic		%

Gender
Male	33	66
Female	17	34

Race/ethnicity
Hispanic^a	34	68
African American/Black	9	18
Hispanic & African American/Black	6	12
Other race (Indian)	1	2

Asthma control^b
Well controlled	8	16
Not well controlled	21	42
Very poorly controlled	21	42

Diagnosed with seasonal allergies^c	36	72

Diagnosed with eczema^c	11	22

Have been evaluated by a pulmonologist	17	34

Have been evaluated by an allergist	9	18

Single-parent household	19	38

Parental level of education
Less than high school	14	28
Graduated high school	15	30
1–3 years of college	15	30
4 years of college or more	6	12

Data in table have been obtained by parental self-report unless noted otherwise.
^aHispanic is asked as ethnicity rather than race question as per United States Census Bureau criteria [19].
^bAsthma control was assessed as per National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and management of Asthma [14].
Well-controlled asthma: Symptoms ≤ 2 days/week; nighttime awakenings ≤1x/month; interference with normal activity—None; short-acting beta₂-agonist use for symptom control ≤ 2 days/week; exacerbations requiring oral systemic corticosteroids 0-1/year.
Not-well controlled asthma: Symptoms >2 days/week; nighttime awakenings >1x/month; Interference with normal activity—Some limitation; short-acting beta₂-agonist use for symptom control >2 days/week; exacerbations requiring oral systemic corticosteroids 2-3/year.
Very poorly controlled asthma: Symptoms—throughout the day; nighttime awakenings >1x/week; interference with normal activity—extremely limited; short-acting beta₂-agonist use for symptom control—several times per day; exacerbations requiring oral systemic corticosteroids >3/year.
^cData obtained by medical record review.