Zirconium Oxychloride as a Novel Mordant for Natural Dyeing of Wool Yarns

<table class="table-group" id="tab9"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Sample</td><td align="center">Zr</td><td align="center">S</td><td align="center">Cl</td><td align="center">Au</td><td align="center">Total</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">ZrOCl<sub>2</sub>-formic acid<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center">4.97</td><td align="center">2.94</td><td align="center">0.27</td><td align="center">91.82</td><td align="center">100</td></tr><tr><td align="left">ZrOCl<sub>2</sub>-hydrochloric acid<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center">6.74</td><td align="center">2.13</td><td align="center">0.46</td><td align="center">90.68</td><td align="center">100</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><svg height="13.625" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.9749999 13.625" width="5.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,.062,5.4)"><path d="M433 39l-85 -51q-27 0 -47 20q-16 16 -24 44q-5 -3 -24 -16.5t-27 -18.5t-23 -13.5t-25 -12t-19 -3.5q-52 0 -86 36.5t-34 85.5q0 71 81 99q128 43 155 65v17q0 54 -23 83.5t-62 29.5q-28 0 -45 -19t-29 -66q-7 -23 -29 -23q-15 0 -29 13t-14 30t31 40q25 19 68.5 40.5
t81.5 29.5q49 0 82 -27q45 -39 45 -123v-185q0 -60 35 -60q18 0 36 11zM275 84v156q-12 -6 -49 -23t-41 -19q-31 -14 -46 -31t-15 -43q0 -35 22.5 -55.5t48.5 -20.5q19 0 42 10.5t38 25.5z" id="x61"></path></g>
</svg>Sample was obtained with 9.74% ZrOCl<sub>2</sub>, 9.6% citric acid, and 6.3% formic acid at 95°C.<br/><svg height="16.75" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.7874999 16.75" width="6.7874999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,.062,8.538)"><path d="M152 404l81 35q23 10 41 10q81 0 139 -61.5t58 -149.5q0 -107 -74.5 -178.5t-176.5 -71.5q-71 0 -147 36v555q0 48 -9.5 59.5t-56.5 15.5v23q79 10 145 35v-308zM152 374v-258q0 -20 6 -35q7 -19 30 -37t58 -18q63 0 99.5 50t36.5 137q0 82 -43.5 131t-108.5 49
q-44 0 -78 -19z" id="x62"></path></g>
</svg>Sample was obtained with 8.96% ZrOCl<sub>2</sub>, 9.85% citric acid, and 9.01% hydrochloric acid at 92°C.<br/></td></tr></table>

Elemental analysis of treated wool (normalized) (wt%).

Journal of Textiles

tab9

Table 9

Table 9: Zirconium Oxychloride as a Novel Mordant for Natural Dyeing of Wool Yarns 