Adsorption of Cu (II) on the Surface of Nonconventional Biomass: A Study on Forced Convective Mass Transfer in Packed Bed Column

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Name of the model</td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td><td align="center"> </td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left">Langmuir isotherm </td><td align="center"><svg height="15.6875" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.375 15.6875" width="36.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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q0 -97 46 -166.5t129 -87.5l84 15l29 -19q104 21 169 121.5t65 213.5z" id="x1D444"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.113,15.475)"><path d="M797 0h-214v26q46 5 58 17.5t12 63.5v167q0 116 -88 116q-48 0 -112 -52q3 -18 3 -42v-195q0 -46 11 -58t53 -17v-26h-214v26q48 5 59.5 17t11.5 60v172q0 115 -88 115q-47 0 -109 -52v-235q0 -47 10 -59.5t48 -17.5v-26h-211v26q50 5 62.5 17t12.5 60v207q0 48 -9 59.5
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</svg> (mg/g)</td><td align="center"><svg height="15.4" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.137501 15.4" width="17.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)"><path d="M238 681l-124 -585q-7 -31 4 -31q10 0 37.5 18.5t49.5 41.5l16 -22q-40 -48 -89.5 -81.5t-76.5 -33.5q-42 0 -16 122l105 488q7 32 0 41t-39 9h-35l5 26q35 3 71 13t58 17.5t26 7.5q14 0 8 -31z" id="x1D459"></path></g>
</svg> (l mg<sup>−1</sup>)</td><td align="center">Sum of square errors (SSE)</td><td align="center"><i>χ </i><sup>
									2</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left">For Cu</td><td align="center">0.056</td><td align="center">0.154</td><td align="center">36.33</td><td align="center">13.34</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Freundlich isotherm </td><td align="center"><span style="width: 21.575001px;"><svg height="18.362499" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.575001 18.362499" width="21.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.188)"><path d="M619 670q0 -13 -9 -26t-18 -19q-13 -10 -25 2q-36 38 -66 38q-31 0 -54.5 -50t-45.5 -185h120l-20 -31l-107 -12q-23 -138 -57 -293q-27 -122 -55 -184.5t-75 -109.5q-60 -61 -114 -61q-25 0 -47.5 15t-22.5 31q0 17 31 44q11 8 20 -1q10 -11 31 -19t35 -8q26 0 47 19
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</svg></span></td><td align="center"><span style="width: 23.825001px;"><svg height="14.85" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-2.22495pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.825001 14.85" width="23.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.012)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,12.012)"><path d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" id="x2F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.225,12.012)"><path d="M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2
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</svg></span></td><td align="center">Sum of square errors (SSE)</td><td align="center"><i>χ </i><sup>
									2</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left">For Cu</td><td align="center">2.13</td><td align="center">0.933</td><td align="center">48.14</td><td align="center">18.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left">Temkin isotherm</td><td align="center"><span style="width: 15.2875px;"><svg height="15.4" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2875 15.4" width="15.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path d="M594 511q0 -122 -171 -157l1 -2q158 -33 158 -159q0 -52 -34.5 -95t-90.5 -65q-76 -33 -217 -33h-223l8 28q63 5 79.5 19t26.5 72l83 426q9 48 -2.5 60t-77.5 17l6 28h259q195 0 195 -139zM499 509q0 59 -37 83t-91 24q-36 0 -51 -9q-17 -9 -22 -44l-35 -195h62
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.55,15.187)"><path d="M324 430l-26 -36l-112 -4l-55 -265q-13 -66 7 -66q13 0 44.5 20t50.5 40l17 -24q-38 -40 -85.5 -73.5t-87.5 -33.5q-50 0 -21 138l55 262h-80l-2 8l25 34h66l25 99l78 63l10 -9l-37 -153h128z" id="x1D461"></path></g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center"><span style="width: 18px;"><svg height="15.4" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18 15.4" width="18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)"><path d="M324 430l-26 -36l-112 -4l-55 -265q-13 -66 7 -66q13 0 44.5 20t50.5 40l17 -24q-38 -40 -85.5 -73.5t-87.5 -33.5q-50 0 -21 138l55 262h-80l-2 8l25 34h66l25 99l78 63l10 -9l-37 -153h128z" id="x1D461"></path></g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">Sum of square errors (SSE)</td><td align="center"><i>χ </i><sup>
									2</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="left">For Cu</td><td align="center">0.0273</td><td align="center">10.27</td><td align="center">77.84</td><td align="center">40.36</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Study of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm (calculation of model constants and error functions). 

Journal of Waste Management

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Adsorption of Cu (II) on the Surface of Nonconventional Biomass: A Study on Forced Convective Mass Transfer in Packed Bed Column 