Research Article

Social and Ecological Drivers of the Economic Value of Pollination Services Delivered to Coffee in Central Uganda

Table 2

Effects of coffee field management intensity, cultivated varieties, and agriculture interventions on economic measures of coffee production.

Responses variablesExplanatory variablesMean (x SE)d.fF valueP value

Yield (Kg coffee beans/ha)Coffee farm management intensity (2,27)5.56 0.010
Extensive-traditional farms (>51–70% shaded)
Intensive-commercial farms (0–10% shaded)
Intensive-organic farms (11–50% shaded)

Gross revenue (US$/ha)Coffee farm management intensity (2,27)5.58 0.010
Extensive-traditional farms (>51–70% shaded)
Intensive-commercial farms (0–10% shaded)
Intensive-organic farms (11–50% shaded)

Value of bees (US$/ha)Coffee farm management intensity (2,27)4.780.017
Extensive-traditional farms (>51–70% shaded)
Intensive-commercial farms (0–10% shaded)
Intensive-organic farms (11–50% shaded)

Direct production cost (US$/ha)Cultivated coffee varieties (2,27)7.62 0.002
Clonal varieties
Mixture (traditional/clonal) varieties
Traditional varieties (bush varieties)
Agriculture services providers (3,26)13.87 0.000
APEP
NAADS
VI-AGROF
NONE

Net revenue (US$/ha)Coffee farm management intensity (2,27)3.170.038
Extensive-traditional farms (>51–70% shaded)
Intensive-commercial farms (0–10% shaded)
Intensive-organic farms (11–50% shaded)

Within columns, means followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Fisher’s protected least significant difference (LSD) test for mean separation at 5% probability; US$: United States of America dollars. APEP: agriculture productivity enhancement program of USAID-Uganda; NAADS: National Agriculture Advisory Services; VI-Agroforestry: Fifth-Agroforestry Project of the World Agroforestry Center in Uganda, NONE: no extension service institution was present in the study area.