Social and Ecological Drivers of the Economic Value of Pollination Services Delivered to Coffee in Central Uganda
Table 2
Effects of coffee field management intensity, cultivated varieties, and agriculture interventions on economic measures of coffee production.
Responses variables
Explanatory variables
Mean (x SE)
d.f
F value
P value
Yield (Kg coffee beans/ha)
Coffee farm management intensity
(2,27)
5.56
0.010
Extensive-traditional farms (>51–70% shaded)
Intensive-commercial farms (0–10% shaded)
Intensive-organic farms (11–50% shaded)
Gross revenue (US$/ha)
Coffee farm management intensity
(2,27)
5.58
0.010
Extensive-traditional farms (>51–70% shaded)
Intensive-commercial farms (0–10% shaded)
Intensive-organic farms (11–50% shaded)
Value of bees (US$/ha)
Coffee farm management intensity
(2,27)
4.78
0.017
Extensive-traditional farms (>51–70% shaded)
Intensive-commercial farms (0–10% shaded)
Intensive-organic farms (11–50% shaded)
Direct production cost (US$/ha)
Cultivated coffee varieties
(2,27)
7.62
0.002
Clonal varieties
Mixture (traditional/clonal) varieties
Traditional varieties (bush varieties)
Agriculture services providers
(3,26)
13.87
0.000
APEP
NAADS
VI-AGROF
NONE
Net revenue (US$/ha)
Coffee farm management intensity
(2,27)
3.17
0.038
Extensive-traditional farms (>51–70% shaded)
Intensive-commercial farms (0–10% shaded)
Intensive-organic farms (11–50% shaded)
Within columns, means followed by the same letters are not significantly different according to Fisher’s protected least significant difference (LSD) test for mean separation at 5% probability; US$: United States of America dollars. APEP: agriculture productivity enhancement program of USAID-Uganda; NAADS: National Agriculture Advisory Services; VI-Agroforestry: Fifth-Agroforestry Project of the World Agroforestry Center in Uganda, NONE: no extension service institution was present in the study area.