Various types of nanomaterials are used in daily life. Due to their small size, they can be beneficial as well as harmful to humans, animals, and aquatic organisms. The mechanism of nanomaterials inducing mutagenicity and carcinogenicity on cells, tissues, and nuclear materials in animals and humans is distinct in part due to differences in the surface area to volume ratio, which shows distinctive biological and physiochemical characteristics from the bulk material.

Nanomaterials are extensively used in drugs, consumer products, and drug delivery systems. However, extensive use of nanomaterials can cause contamination to the environment. These nanomaterials can affect humans through various routes such as oral consumption, inhalation, and dermal absorption, inducing toxicity and impacting health. Despite exploration into how nanomaterials may induce mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, the underlying mechanisms of this toxicity are less studied.

Therefore, the purpose of this Special Issue is to comprehensively assess the effects of nanomaterials on mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in living organisms. This Issue is focused on safety and clinical issues, thus it should facilitate our understanding of the applications of nanoparticles and identification of potential hazards. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity
• Mechanisms of nanomaterial carcinogenicity
• Ecomutagenecity and genotoxicity of nanomaterials
• Nanomaterials as new medical options for the treatment of cancers
• The role of oxidative stress and its implications for cancer
• Treatment of cancer using nanoparticles