Cosmic Rays Report from the Structure of Space

Figure 3

When high-energy protons slow down, pairs of electrons (e⁻) and positrons (e⁺) will materialize from quanta of actions, that is, from photons that embody the vacuum in pairs of opposite polarization. The resulting leptons are described as quantized actions in toroid forms (shown above as color coded by charge). Accordingly, when ultra-high-energy protons decelerate, pions π⁺ (), π⁻ (), and ( and ) will materialize from the photon-embodied vacuum. Each of these pseudoscalar mesons, described as a quantized action in a wavelet form, comprises arcs of two quarks () joined by a gluon (g), that is, by a high-frequency photon.