Abstract
We focus our study on a discussion of duality relationships of a minimax fractional programming problem with its two types of second-order dual models under the second-order generalized convexity type assumptions. Results obtained in this paper naturally unify and extend some previously known results on minimax fractional programming in the literature.
1. Introduction
Fractional programming is an interesting subject applicable to many types of optimization problems such as portfolio selection, production, and information theory and numerous decision making problems in management science. More specifically, it can be used in engineering and economics to minimize a ratio of physical or economical functions, or both, such as cost/time, cost/volume, and cost/benefit, in order to measure the efficiency or productivity of the system (see Stancu-Minasian [1]).
Minimax type functions arise in the design of electronic circuits; however, minimax fractional problems appear in the formulation of discrete and continuous rational approximation problems with respect to the Chebyshev norm [2], continuous rational games [3], multiobjective programming [4, 5], and engineering design as well as some portfolio selection problems discussed by Bajona-Xandri and Martinez-Legaz [6].
In this paper, we consider the minimax fractional programming problem where is a compact subset of and , , and are twice continuously differentiable functions on , , and , respectively. It is assumed that, for each in , and .
For the case of convex differentiable minimax fractional programming, Yadav and Mukherjee [7] formulated two dual models for (1.1) and derived duality theorems. Chandra and Kumar [8] pointed out certain omissions and inconsistencies in the dual formulation of Yadav and Mukherjee [7]; they constructed two modified dual problems for (1.1) and proved appropriate duality results. Liu and Wu [9, 10] and Ahmad [11] obtained sufficient optimality conditions and duality theorems for (1.1) assuming the functions involved to be generalized convex.
Second-order duality provides tighter bounds for the value of the objective function when approximations are used. For more details, one can consult ([12, page 93]). One more advantage of second-order duality, when applicable, is that, if a feasible point in the primal is given and first-order duality does not apply, then we can use second order duality to provide a lower bound of the value of the primal (see [13]).
Mangasarian [14] first formulated the second-order dual for a nonlinear programming problem and established second-order duality results under certain inequalities. Mond [12] reproved second-order duality results assuming rather simple inequalities. Subsequently, Bector and Chandra [15] formulated a second-order dual for a fractional programming problem and obtained usual duality results under the assumptions [14] by naming these as convex/concave functions.
Based upon the ideas of Bector et al. [16] and Rueda et al. [17], Yang and Hou [18] proposed a new concept of generalized convexity and discussed sufficient optimality conditions for (1.1) and duality results for its corresponding dual. Recently, Husain et al. [19] formulated two types of second-order dual models to (1.1) and discussed appropriate duality results involving -convexity/generalized -convexity assumptions.
In this paper, we are inspired by Chandra and Kumar [8], Bector et al. [16], Liu [20], and Husain et al. [19] to discuss weak, strong, and strict converse duality theorems connecting (1.1) with its two types of second-order duals by using second-order generalized convexity type assumptions [21].
2. Notations and Preliminaries
Let denote the set of all feasible solutions of (1.1). For each , we define where ,
Definition 2.1. A functional , where is said to be sublinear in its third argument, if ,(i), (ii). By , it is clear that .
Definition 2.2. A point is said to optimal solution of (1.1) if for each .
The following theorem [8] will be needed in the subsequent analysis.
Theorem 2.3 (necessary conditions). Let be a solution (local or global) of (1.1), and let be linearly independent. Then there exist , and such that Throughout the paper, we assume that is a sublinear functional. For let be real numbers, and let .
3. First Duality Model
In this section, we discuss usual duality results for the following dual [19]: where denotes the set of all satisfying If, for a triplet , the set , then we define the supremum over it to be .
Remark 3.1. If , then (3.1) becomes the dual considered in [9].
Theorem 3.2 (weak duality). Let and be the feasible solutions of (1.1) and (3.1), respectively. Suppose that there exist and such that Further assume that Then
Proof. Suppose contrary to the result that Thus, we have It follows from , that with at least one strict inequality since . Taking summation over , we have which together with (3.3) gives The above inequality along with (3.4) implies Using (3.6) and (3.7), it follows from (3.15) that which along with (3.5) and (3.8) yields which contradicts (3.2) since .
Theorem 3.3 (strong duality). Assume that is an optimal solution of (1.1) and are linearly independent. Then there exist and such that is a feasible solution of (3.1) and the two objectives have the same values. Further, if the assumptions of weak duality (Theorem 3.2) hold for all feasible solutions of (3.1), then is an optimal solution of (3.1).
Proof. Since is an optimal solution of (1.1) and are linearly independent, then, by Theorem 2.3, there exist and such that is a feasible solution of (3.1) and the two objectives have the same values. Optimality of for (3.1) thus follows from weak duality (Theorem 3.2).
Theorem 3.4 (Strict converse duality). Let and be the optimal solutions of (1.1) and (3.1), respectively. Suppose that are linearly independent and there exist and such that Further Assume Then , that is, is an optimal solution of (1.1).
Proof. Suppose contrary to the result that . Since and are optimal solutions of (1.1) and (3.1), respectively, and are linearly independent, therefore, from strong duality (Theorem 3.3), we reach Thus, we have Now, proceeding as in Theorem 3.2, we get Using (3.19) and (3.20), it follows from (3.24) that which along with (3.18) and (3.21) implies which contradicts (3.2) since .
4. Second Duality Model
This section deals with duality theorems for the following second-order dual to (1.1): where denotes the set of all satisfying where , with and , if .
If, for a triplet , the set , then we define the supremum over it to be .
Theorem 4.1 (weak duality). Let and be the feasible solutions of (1.1) and (4.1), respectively. Suppose that there exist and such that Further assume that Then
Proof. Suppose contrary to the result that Thus, we have It follows from , that with at least one strict inequality since . Taking summation over , we have which together with (4.3) implies Using (4.8) and (4.9), it follows from (4.16) that which by (4.5) implies Also, inequality (4.4) along with (4.7) and (4.9) yields From (4.6) and the above inequality, we have On adding (4.18) and (4.20) and making use of the sublinearity of with (4.10), we obtain which contradicts (4.2) since .
The proof of the following theorem is similar to that of Theorem 3.3 and, hence, is omitted.
Theorem 4.2 (strong duality). Assume that is an optimal solution of (1.1) and , are linearly independent. Then there exist and such that is a feasible solution of (4.1) and the two objectives have the same values. Further, if the assumptions of weak duality (Theorem 4.1) hold for all feasible solutions of (4.1), then is an optimal solution of (4.1).
Theorem 4.3 (strict converse duality). Let and be the optimal solutions of (1.1) and (4.1), respectively. Suppose that are linearly independent and there exist and such that Further assume that Then , that is, is an optimal solution of (1.1).
Proof. Suppose contrary to the result that . Since and are optimal solutions of (1.1) and (4.1), respectively, and are linearly independent, therefore, from strong duality (Theorem 4.2), we reach Thus, we have Now, proceeding as in Theorem 4.1, we get Using (4.25) and (4.26), it follows from (4.30) that which by (4.22) implies Also, inequality (4.4) along with (4.24) and (4.26) yields From (4.23) and the above inequality, we have On adding (4.32) and (4.34) and making use of the sublinearity of with (4.27), we obtain which contradicts (4.2) since .
5. Conclusion and Further Developments
In this paper, we have established weak, strong, and strict converse duality theorems for a class of minimax fractional programming problems in the frame work of second-order generalized convexity. The second-order duality results developed in this paper can be further extended for the following nondifferentiable minimax fractional programming problem [22, 23]: where is a compact subset of , and are positive semidefinite symmetric matrices, and , , and are twice continuously differentiable functions on , , and , respectively.
The question arises as to whether the second-order fractional duality results developed in this paper hold for the following complex nondifferentiable minimax fractional problem: where for and are analytic with respect to , ia a specified compact subset in is a polyhedral cone in , and is analytic. Also are positive semidefinite Hermitian matrices.
Acknowledgments
This paper is supported by Fast Track Project no. FT100023 of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The author is thankful to the referee for his/her valuable suggestions to improve the presentation of the paper.