Complex Dynamics of a Diffusive Holling-Tanner Predator-Prey Model with the Allee Effect

Figure 2

The phase portrait of model (7) with the strong Allee effect. The parameters are taken as 𝑎=0.25, 𝛿=0.8, 𝑚=1.3, and 𝑟=0.0375. The model enters into a Hopf bifurcation around 𝐸₊=(0.6,0.48) at 𝑟=𝑟₊.