Development and Life History of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cereal Crops
Table 2
Developmental period (days) and body measurements (mm) ± SE of the life stages of S. zeamais on different cereal grains (24–30°C; 60 ± 10% RH; 12 h photophase).
1st instar
2nd instar
3rd instar
4th instar
Prepupa/pupa
Adult ♂
Adult ♀
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Developmental period (days)
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Developmental period (days)
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Developmental period (days)
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Developmental period (days)
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Developmental period (days)
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Maize
0.54 ± 0.22
0.28 ± 0.05
5.3 (4–6)
0.59 ± 0.12
0.47 ± 0.02
6.5 (5–7)
0.8 ± 0.05
0.64 ± 0.04
5.7 (4–6)
1.67 ± 0.07
1.06 ± 0.02
5.6 (3–6)
3.81 ± 0.04
1.13 ± 0.02
6.3 (6-7)
4.11 ± 0.01
1.13 ± 0.01
4.18 ± 0.01
1.14 ± 0.01
Rice
0.54 ± 0.22
0.28 ± 0.05
5.3 (4–6)
0.59 ± 0.12
0.45 ± 0.02
5.7 (5-6)
0.81 ± 0.05
0.6 ± 0.04
6.5 (4–7)
1.63 ± 0.05
1.02 ± 0.02
4.7 (3–5)
3.33 ± 0.05
0.93 ± 0.02
6.7 (6-7)
3.34 ± 0.01
1.02 ± 0.01
3.7 ± 0.01
1.01 ± 0.01
Sorghum
0.53 ± 0.22
0.28 ± 005
5.3 (4–6)
0.59 ± 0.12
0.46 ± 0.02
5.5 (4–6)
0.78 ± 0.05
0.61 ± 0.04
5.7 (4–6)
1.59 ± 0.07
0.96 ± 0.02
4.7 (3–6)
3.41 ± 0.04
1.04 ± 0.02
6.7 (6-7)
3.7 ± 0.03
1.05 ± 0.03
3.94 ± 0.01
1.07 ± 0.38
Millet
0.54 ± 0.12
0.28 ± 0.15
5.3 (4–6)
0.59 ± 0.17
0.47 ± 0.02
5.7 (5–7)
0.72 ± 0.07
0.54 ± 0.04
5.3 (4–6)
1.55 ± 0.13
0.91 ± 0.03
5.3 (4–6)
3.12 ± 0.06
0.99 ± 0.06
6.5 (6-7)
3.45 ± 0.03
0.99 ± 0.32
3.94 ± 0.01
1.07 ± 0.38
CV
1.85
1.19
0.95
1.69
2.16
1.71
1.29
2.21
3.34
1.20
1.96
1.54
0.29
0.98
2.02
1.39
0.95
1.29
0.93
Means followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different (, Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test).
