Determinants of Off-Farm Income among Smallholder Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana: Application of a Double-Hurdle Model

Table 3

Maximum likelihood estimates of double-hurdle model for participation in off-farm work and amount of off-farm income.

Variable	hurdle (Probit model)		hurdle (outcome model)
	Coefficient	Std. Error	Coefficient	Std. Error
Sex	-0.675	0.203	0.370	0.173
Education	0.066	0.015	0.037	0.056
Experience	0.037	0.022	-0.058	0.039
Experience squared	-0.001	0.000	0.001	0.092
Household size	-0.016	0.013	-	-
Regional dummy	0.330	0.290	-0.416	0.070
Access to credit	-0.549	0.261	-	-
Specialization	0.003	0.003	-	-
Market distance	-0.011	0.018	-0.019	0.389
Intercept	-0.117	0.367	7.734	0.000
Sigma	1.151	0.170
Covariance	-0.945	0.289

Significant at the 1% level. Significant at the 5% level. Significant at 10% level.