Selection for Reinforcement-Free Learning Ability as an Organizing Factor in the Evolution of Cognition

<table>Network topology used in main model. Light-blue arrows are regular activatory connections (full connectivity). The purple arrow indicates modulatory connections (full connectivity). The dashed arrow indicates a copying operation with one step of lag (one to one connectivity, see text). The input, hidden and output neurons occur in both models; the echo and modulatory neurons are unique to the main model. </table>

Advances in Artificial Intelligence

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Selection for Reinforcement-Free Learning Ability as an Organizing Factor in the Evolution of Cognition 