Research Article

Selection and Configuration of Sorption Isotherm Models in Soils Using Artificial Bees Guided by the Particle Swarm

Figure 3

Convergence of agent in PSO (), PCPSO (o), ABC (), and MABC () optimizers for fitting Freundlich-Langmuir isotherm on the experimental data of Cu sorption on McLaren soil (iterations = Iter × function evaluations for agent, for ABC and MABC optimizers).