Reliability of an Integrated Ultrasound and Stereophotogrammetric System for Lower Limb Anatomical Characterisation
Table 1
Individual and overall results for the three operators across n subjects (2n limbs) for all 6 variables in standing and supine positions.
Variable
Position
OP001 ()
OP002 ()
OP003 ()
Average¥ ()
ICC (95% CI) § ()
value¢
Varus (+ve)/ valgus (−ve) (°)
Standing
0.2 ± 3.2
0.1 ± 2.6
0.3 ± 3.2
0.2 ± 2.8
0.97 (0.86–0.99)
0.61
Supine
1.1 ± 2.7
0.4 ± 1.8
0.0 ± 1.6
0.3 ± 1.8
0.93 (0.71–0.99)
0.63
Flexion (+ve)/ extension (−ve) (°)
Standing
0.7 ± 6.2
4.2 ± 8.4
3.9 ± 8.5
3.6 ± 8.1
0.99 (0.97–0.99)
0.39
Supine
1.3 ± 3.4
1.8 ± 4.5
2.0 ± 4.0
1.7 ± 4.2
0.99 (0.97–0.99)
0.80
Femur length (mm)
Standing
435 ± 31
457 ± 37
457 ± 35
456 ± 35
0.99 (0.99–1.00)
0.66
Supine
439 ± 29
454 ± 34
456 ± 33
455 ± 33
0.99 (0.99–1.00)
0.49
Tibia length (mm)
Standing
410 ± 27
426 ± 22
429 ± 23
428 ± 22
0.99 (0.98–0.99)
0.55
Supine
406 ± 25
427 ± 21
424 ± 22
425 ± 21
0.99 (0.98–0.99)
0.17
Femur torsion (°)
Standing
32.7 ± 10.2
27.2 ± 16.0
36.5 ± 10.3
31.7 ± 12.2
0.68 (−0.09–0.95)
0.43
Supine
28.6 ± 9.6
25.0 ± 17.9
26.2 ± 12.0
26.2 ± 13.3
0.95 (0.78–0.99)
0.74
Tibia torsion (°)
Standing
30.9 ± 9.4
28.0 ± 6.9
28.2 ± 12.5
28.5 ± 10.4
0.69 (−0.61–0.96)
0.17
Supine
32.1 ± 8.5
32.4 ± 7.8
36.6 ± 8.6
33.5 ± 8.9
0.65 (−0.35–0.95)
0.78
Mean and SD of values measured by each operator over n subjects. ¥Mean and SD across all operators for the same three subjects. §Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). ¢One-way ANOVA values.
