A Muscle-Specific Rehabilitation Training Method Based on Muscle Activation and the Optimal Load Orientation Concept

Table 1

Description of the reference frames of the shoulder.

Reference frame	Description
Global coordinate	The origin is located at point a on the SC articulation, and the axes ,, and are parallel to the coronal axis, sagittal axis, and vertical axis of the human body, respectively.
Clavicle coordinate	The origin is located at point a on the SC articulation. The axis points to b from a along the clavicle axis, and the axis is located horizontally and perpendicular to the axis. The axis can be determined by the right-hand rule.
Scapula coordinate	The origin is located at point b on the AC articulation. The axis points to c from b, and the axis is perpendicular to the axis and the scapular plane determined by b, c, and d. The axis can be determined by the right-hand rule.
Thorax coordinate	The origin is located at point O, which is the centre of the thorax ellipse .
Humerus coordinate	The origin is located at point e, which is the centre of GH articulation. The axis points to e from f along the humerus axis, and the axis is perpendicular to the axis and the plane determined by e, EL, and EM. The axis can be determined by the right-hand rule.