Active Tube-Shaped Actuator with Embedded Square Rod-Shaped Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites for Robotic-Assisted Manipulation

<div>Cross-sectional morphology of rod-shaped IPMCs with palladium-gold electrodes.</div>

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

Figure 3: Active Tube-Shaped Actuator with Embedded Square Rod-Shaped Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites for Robotic-Assisted Manipulation 