Review Article
The Effects of Leg Length Discrepancy on Stability and Kinematics-Kinetics Deviations: A Systematic Review
Table 5
Summary of the parameters related to postural balance.
| | Author | Category | Sample rate (Hz/second) | LL difference | Parameter | LLD | Control | value |
| | Zhang et al. [11] | Foot with equalizer walker | 600 Hz | 4.6 cm | COM (m) | — | — | | | LL | SL | | Mahar et al. [6] | Long leg, short leg (control) | 100 Hz with 20 s | 0 cm | Mean COP (mm) | 47.4 ± 5.3 | 47.4 ± 5.3 | LL, RL | | 1 cm | Mean COP (mm) | 42.5 ± 4.8 | 54.7 ± 5.1 | LL, RL | | 2 cm | Mean COP (mm) | 42.9 ± 7.5 | 56.9 ± 5.0 | LL, RL | | 3 cm | Mean COP (mm) | 40.5 ± 6.6 | 52.1 ± 10.6 | LL, RL | | 4 cm | Mean COP (mm) | 40.5 ± 8.8 | 55.7 ± 10.7 | LL, RL | | Murrell et al. [19] | LLD (control) | 10 Hz with 12.8 s | 0.95 cm | COP (AP with EO) (mm) | 47.7 ± 14.5 | 39.4 ± 6.0 | | | | | COP (AP with EC) (mm) | 58.8 ± 19.0 | 54.8 ± 13.5 | | | COP (ML with EO) (mm) | 27.7 ± 9.0 | 27.2 ± 6.6 | | | COP (ML with EC) (mm) | 40.8 ± 15.2 | 40.1 ± 9.9 | | | | | | 0 cm | COP path length (mm) | 49.81 ± 21.70 | — | | | Park et al. [5] | Left leg, right leg (control) | — | 1 cm | COP path length (mm) | 65.71 ± 32.68 | — | | | | | 2 cm | COP path length (mm) | 60.38 ± 22.93 | — | | | | | 3 cm | COP path length (mm) | 83.16 ± 34.05 | — | | | | | | | | — | | | Maeda et al. [9] | Right leg, left leg (control) | — | 0.1 cm | COP trajectory length, area (mm2/s) | — | — | | | Left leg, right leg (control) | | | COP trajectory length, area (mm2/s) | — | | | | | | 0.1 cm | COP trajectory length, area (mm2/s) | — | — | | | | | | COP trajectory length, area (mm2/s) | — | — | | | Faraj et al. [10] | LLD, right leg, short left leg (control) | — | ±2.25 cm | | — | | | | — | — | | Lopes et al. [22] | LLD, short leg (control) | — | — | COP trajectory length (mm) | | — | | | COP (AP with EO) (mm) | — | — | | | COP (AP with EC) (mm) | — | — | | | COP (ML with EO) (mm) | — | — | | | COP (ML with EC) (mm) | — | | |
|
|
LL: left leg; RL: right leg; COP: center of pressure; AP: anterior-posterior; ML: medial-lateral; EO: eyes open; EC: eyes closed.
|
