A Study on Influence of Minivan Front-End Design and Impact Velocity on Pedestrian Thorax Kinematics and Injury Risk

Figure 4

Pedestrian kinematics responses when struck by model I at 50 km/h.

(a) 0 ms

(b) 20 ms

(c) 40 ms

(d) 60 ms

(e) 80 ms

(f) 100 ms

(g) 120 ms

(h) 140 ms