Modulations of Foot and Ankle Frontal Kinematics for Breaking and Propulsive Movement Characteristics during Side-Step Cutting with Varying Midsole Thicknesses

Figure 2

Angular displacement curves of the (a) ankle dorsiflexion (+)/plantarflexion (−), (b) ankle inversion, and (c) midfoot supination (+)/pronation (−) GRF of the leading stance limb when performing lateral side cutting for the thin (thick lines), medium (dash lines), and thick (dot lines) midsoles during the stance phase. The vertical lines indicate the instances when the leading toe is off (T1), the trailing toe is on (T2), the leading heel strikes (T3), and the leading heel is off (T4) the ground. Focusing on the leading stance phase, peak 1 indicates the peak ankle plantarflexion and peak ankle inversion during the early leading stance phase and peak 2 indicates the peak ankle plantarflexion and peak ankle inversion during the late leading stance phase and the “peak” midfoot pronation around the middle of leading stance phases. Comparisons of these peaks among midsole conditions are displayed as bar charts in (d) and (e) for ankle plantarflexion, (f) and (g) for ankle inversion, and (h) for midfoot pronation, with corresponding standard deviations as error bars. With increasing midsole thickness, the right arrow above the graph indicates a statistically significant increasing linear trend and the left arrow indicates a statistically significant decreasing linear trend () (black bar: the thin midsole, dashed bar: the medium midsole, and dotted bar: the thick midsole).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)