Development of a Mechanistic Hypothesis Linking Compensatory Biomechanics and Stepping Asymmetry during Gait of Transfemoral Amputees

Table 4

Internal joint work for controls and two transfemoral amputees during the 0-100% gait cycle of slow, normal, and fast speed walking, with results from the single sample -test between amputee and sample of control subjects. Wp = positive work (J/kg); Wn = negative work (J/kg); Wt = total work (J/kg), where .

Work (J/kg)	Control subjects			Amputee: C-Leg/Mauch
	Mean/(SD)			Intact side			Prosthesis side
	Slow	Norm	Fast	Slow	Norm	Fast	Slow	Norm	Fast
Ankle
Wp	0.212 (0.061)	0.276 (0.083)	0.352 (0.119)	0.193	0.315	0.418	0.035^†	0.068^†	0.083^†
				0.211	0.256	0.286	0.080^†	0.095^†	0.194^†
Wn	0.179 (0.029)	0.154 (0.033)	0.119 (0.071)	0.177	0.154	0.135	0.135^†	0.146	0.164
				0.186	0.171	0.199^‡	0.192	0.205^‡	0.225^‡
Wt	0.391 (0.047)	0.430 (0.075)	0.471 (0.130)	0.371	0.469	0.554	0.170^†	0.214^†	0.247^†
				0.397	0.428	0.485	0.272^†	0.299^†	0.420
Knee
Wp	0.049 (0.037)	0.089 (0.047)	0.158 (0.076)	0.088^‡	0.182^‡	0.191	0.020	0.016^†	0.015^†
				0.121^‡	0.200^‡	0.363^‡	0.012^†	0.013^†	0.015^†
Wn	0.139 (0.056)	0.249 (0.079)	0.442 (0.081)	0.327^‡	0.587^‡	0.714^‡	0.093	0.180^†	0.192^†
				0.360^‡	0.371^‡	0.469	0.115	0.132^†	0.203^†
Wt	0.188 (0.087)	0.338 (0.118)	0.600 (0.140)	0.415^‡	0.769^‡	0.905^‡	0.114^†	0.196^†	0.208^†
				0.481^‡	0.572^‡	0.832^‡	0.127	0.145^†	0.219^†
Hip
Wp	0.103 (0.051)	0.144 (0.067)	0.278 (0.095)	0.201^‡	0.340^‡	0.466^‡	0.106	0.215^‡	0.245
				0.336^‡	0.345^‡	0.445^‡	0.196^‡	0.230^‡	0.392^‡
Wn	0.083 (0.032)	0.120 (0.054)	0.185 (0.064)	0.078	0.145	0.235	0.162^‡	0.281^‡	0.307^‡
				0.048^†	0.143	0.300^‡	0.218^‡	0.343^‡	0.497^‡
Wt	0.186 (0.052)	0.264 (0.065)	0.463 (0.076)	0.279^‡	0.486^‡	0.700^‡	0.268^‡	0.496^‡	0.552^‡
				0.384^‡	0.487^‡	0.744^‡	0.414^‡	0.573^‡	0.889^‡

^†Significantly lower at ; ^‡significantly higher at .